Pregnancy Adaptations & Prenatal Care Flashcards
What is the typical duration of a full-term pregnancy?
A) 36 weeks
B) 38 weeks
C) 40 weeks
D) 42 weeks
C) 40 weeks (Correct Answer)
Which sign of pregnancy is considered presumptive (subjective)?
A) Chadwick’s sign
B) Goodell’s sign
C) Amenorrhea
D) Fetal movement by examiner
C) Amenorrhea (Correct Answer)
Which of the following is a probable sign of pregnancy?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Braxton Hicks contractions
C) Quickening
D) Fatigue
B) Braxton Hicks contractions (Correct Answer)
Which hormone is primarily produced by the placenta during pregnancy?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Relaxin
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (Correct Answer)
What is the primary purpose of measuring fundal height during pregnancy?
A) To assess maternal weight gain
B) To estimate gestational age and fetal growth
C) To determine the baby’s gender
D) To diagnose pregnancy complications
B) To estimate gestational age and fetal growth (Correct Answer)
Which system experiences significant adaptations, including increased blood volume, during pregnancy?
A) Respiratory system
B) Endocrine system
C) Cardiovascular system
D) Neurological system
C) Cardiovascular system (Correct Answer)
Which endocrine gland acts as a temporary endocrine gland during pregnancy?
A) Pituitary gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Placenta
D) Adrenal glands
C) Placenta (Correct Answer)
What hormone does the placenta secrete that has anti-insulin effects?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
D) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
C) Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) (Correct Answer)
What is a common reproductive adaptation experienced during pregnancy?
A) Weight loss
B) Amenorrhea
C) Decreased heart rate
D) Increased exercise tolerance
B) Amenorrhea (Correct Answer)
What cardiovascular change is typical during pregnancy?
A) Decreased blood volume
B) Increased heart rate (HR) of 10-20 BPM
C) Increased blood pressure (BP)
D) Decreased cardiac output
B) Increased heart rate (HR) of 10-20 BPM (Correct Answer)
What does Goodell’s sign indicate?
A) Softening of the cervix
B) Bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina
C) Contractions of the uterus
D) Relaxation of the lower uterine segment
A) Softening of the cervix
What does Chadwick’s sign indicate?
A) Softening of the cervix
B) Bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina
C) Contractions of the uterus
D) Relaxation of the lower uterine segment
B) Bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina
What does Hegar’s sign indicate?
A) Softening of the cervix
B) Bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina
C) Relaxation of the lower uterine segment
D) Contractions of the uterus
Answer: C) Relaxation of the lower uterine segment
What are Braxton Hicks?
A) Bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina
B) False contractions of the uterus
C) Softening of the cervix
D) Relaxation of the lower uterine segment
B) False contractions of the uterus
What adaptation occurs in the cardiovascular system to accommodate increased metabolic needs during pregnancy?
A) Decreased blood volume
B) Expanded blood volume (30-50%)
C) Decreased heart rate
D) Increased systemic vascular resistance
B) Expanded blood volume (30-50%) (Correct Answer)
Which of the following changes occurs in the breasts during pregnancy?
A) Decreased vascularity
B) Darkened areola
C) Reduction in size
D) Absence of Montgomery glands
B) Darkened areola (Correct Answer)
What is the expected hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H) value in a pregnant woman?
A) ~10 g/dL, 28-30%
B) ~11 g/dL, 32-33%
C) ~12 g/dL, 35-37%
D) ~9 g/dL, 25-27%
B) ~11 g/dL, 32-33% (Correct Answer)
How should blood pressure be measured accurately during pregnancy?
A) With the arm raised above the heart
B) Seated with feet flat on the floor, no talking
C) While standing up
D) Immediately after exercise
B) Seated with feet flat on the floor, no talking (Correct Answer)
What is the role of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?
A) To release human placental lactogen
B) To sustain early pregnancy by releasing estrogen and progesterone
C) To facilitate fetal movement
D) To decrease blood volume
B) To sustain early pregnancy by releasing estrogen and progesterone (Correct Answer)
What syndrome can occur when a pregnant person lies flat on their back?
A) Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
B) Gestational Diabetes
C) Eclampsia
D) Hyperemesis Gravidarum
A) Supine Hypotensive Syndrome (Correct Answer)
How much does renal blood flow increase during pregnancy?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
B) 50% (Correct Answer)
What respiratory adaptation occurs during pregnancy?
A) Decreased oxygen consumption
B) Increased lung length
C) Increased respiratory rate and decreased airway resistance
D) Decreased chest wall diameter
C) Increased respiratory rate and decreased airway resistance (Correct Answer)
What neurological adaptation might a pregnant person experience related to joint relaxation?
A) Increased appetite
B) Carpal tunnel syndrome
C) Memory loss
D) Chronic migraines
B) Carpal tunnel syndrome (Correct Answer)
numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and fingers.
Is numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and fingers.
A) Increased appetite
B) Carpal tunnel syndrome
C) Memory loss
D) Chronic migraines
B) Carpal tunnel syndrome
What is linea nigra?
A) Dark line on the abdomen
B) Stretch marks from skin stretching
C) Dark patches on the face
D) Benign blood vessel growths
A) Dark line on the abdomen
What are striae gravidarum?
A) Dark line on the abdomen
B) Stretch marks from skin stretching
C) Dark patches on the face
D) Benign blood vessel growths
B) Stretch marks from skin stretching
What is melasma?
A) Dark line on the abdomen
B) Stretch marks from skin stretching
C) Dark patches on the face
D) Benign blood vessel growths
C) Dark patches on the face
What are angiomas?
A) Dark line on the abdomen
B) Stretch marks from skin stretching
C) Dark patches on the face
D) Benign blood vessel growths
D) Benign blood vessel growths
Which musculoskeletal adaptation can occur due to the relaxation of joints and ligaments during pregnancy?
A) Scoliosis
B) Diastasis recti
C) Osteoporosis
D) Tendonitis
B) Diastasis recti (Correct Answer)
What gastrointestinal issue is commonly experienced during pregnancy due to hormonal changes?
A) Diarrhea
B) Nausea and vomiting (N&V)
C) Increased appetite
D) Increased bowel motility
B) Nausea and vomiting (N&V) (Correct Answer)
Which adaptation increases the risk of urinary tract infections during pregnancy?
A) Increased urinary output
B) Delayed clearance and incomplete emptying
C) Decreased kidney function
D) Increased serum creatinine levels
B) Delayed clearance and incomplete emptying (Correct Answer)
During which period does the immune response weaken to allow for embryo implantation?
A) Conception to 12 weeks
B) 12 to 34 weeks
C) 34 weeks to birth
D) Throughout pregnancy
A) Conception to 12 weeks (Correct Answer)
What is a common integumentary adaptation seen in pregnant individuals?
A) Decreased hair growth
B) Hyperpigmentation of skin
C) Thinning of nails
D) Dry skin
B) Hyperpigmentation of skin (Correct Answer)
What is a key consideration for nurses when providing prenatal care?
A) Standardized care for all patients
B) Individualized care based on unique environmental and social factors
C) Minimizing patient education
D) Focusing solely on medical history
B) Individualized care based on unique environmental and social factors (Correct Answer)
During which weeks are prenatal visits scheduled monthly?
A) 1-12 weeks
B) 13-26 weeks
C) 27-28 weeks
D) 0-28 weeks
B) 13-26 weeks
What is the primary purpose of the NOB (new OB) visit?
A) To schedule ultrasounds only
B) To conduct a detailed history and physical exam
C) To provide only dietary recommendations
D) To perform only lab work
B) To conduct a detailed history and physical exam (Correct Answer)
Which screening test is performed around 26-28 weeks of pregnancy?
A) Nuchal translucency
B) 1-hour glucose screening test for gestational diabetes
C) Cell-free DNA (NIPT)
D) Group B streptococcus (GBS) culture
B) 1-hour glucose screening test for gestational diabetes (Correct Answer)
What does GBS stand for in the context of prenatal care?
A) General Bacterial Strain
B) Group Beta Streptococcus
C) Gestational Blood Screening
D) Genetic Blood Sample
B) Group Beta Streptococcus (Correct Answer)
Why is GBS screening performed at 36 weeks?
A) To check for maternal hypertension
B) Because GBS can “wax and wane,” and testing at this time allows for accurate results
C) To assess fetal growth
D) To prepare for labor
B) Because GBS can “wax and wane,” and testing at this time allows for accurate results (Correct Answer)
What is the initial treatment for GBS positive mothers during labor?
A) Oral antibiotics
B) Penicillin IV
C) No treatment necessary
D) Only monitoring
B) Penicillin IV (Correct Answer)
What is the risk to newborns if the mother is positive for GBS during delivery?
A) Increased risk of maternal hemorrhage
B) Increased risk of sepsis and respiratory infections
C) Increased risk of gestational diabetes
D) Decreased risk of premature birth
B) Increased risk of sepsis and respiratory infections (Correct Answer)
What is the recommended calorie increase during the second trimester?
A) 100-200 calories
B) 300-500 calories
C) 600-800 calories
D) No additional calories needed
B) 300-500 calories (Correct Answer)
What hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy during the first trimester?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D) Prolactin
B) Progesterone (Correct Answer)
What hormone is produced by the placenta and helps maintain pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
D) Prolactin
C) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Which hormone is primarily responsible for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining the uterine lining?
A) Relaxin
B) Oxytocin
C) Progesterone
D) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
C) Progesterone
What hormone promotes the growth of breast tissue and regulates the menstrual cycle?
A) Prolactin
B) Estrogen
C) Relaxin
D) Oxytocin
B) Estrogen
Which hormone is involved in milk production and secretion after childbirth?
A) Prolactin
B) Relaxin
C) Oxytocin
D) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
A) Prolactin
What hormone helps to relax the ligaments and prepare the body for childbirth?
A) Progesterone
B) Relaxin
C) Estrogen
D) Oxytocin
Answer: B) Relaxin
Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor and helps with milk ejection during breastfeeding?
A) Oxytocin
B) Prolactin
C) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
D) Relaxin
Answer: A) Oxytocin
Which common discomforts of pregnancy should nurses educate patients about?
A) Only weight gain
B) Common discomforts like nausea, back pain, and fatigue
C) Only serious complications
D) Discomforts unrelated to pregnancy
B) Common discomforts like nausea, back pain, and fatigue (Correct Answer)
Which female reproductive structure is responsible for producing eggs?
A) Uterus
B) Ovaries
C) Fallopian tubes
D) Cervix
B) Ovaries (Correct Answer)
Which structure in the female reproductive system provides the site for fertilization?
A) Uterus
B) Ovaries
C) Fallopian tubes
D) Cervix
C) Fallopian tubes (Correct Answer)
What hormone is associated with milk production during lactation?
A) Oxytocin
B) Prolactin
C) Estrogen
D) hCG
B) Prolactin (Correct Answer)
What is Naegele’s Rule used for?
A) Determining the sex of the baby
B) Estimating the due date of a pregnancy
C) Calculating gestational diabetes risk
D) Assessing fetal heart rate
B) Estimating the due date of a pregnancy (Correct Answer)
According to Naegele’s Rule, how many months do you subtract from the last menstrual period (LMP) to estimate the due date?
A) 1 month
B) 2 months
C) 3 months
D) 4 months
C) 3 months (Correct Answer)
After subtracting 3 months from the LMP, what is the next step in Naegele’s Rule?
A) Add 14 days
B) Add 7 days
D) Subtract 7 days
B) Add 7 days (Correct Answer)
In the GTPAL system, what does “G” stand for?
A) Number of living children
B) Total number of pregnancies
C) Number of pregnancies that went to term
D) Number of abortions
B) Total number of pregnancies (Correct Answer)
If a person’s LMP is February 1, what would be the first step in calculating their estimated due date using Naegele’s Rule?
A) Add 3 months
B) Subtract 3 months
C) Add 7 days
D) Calculate the current week
B) Subtract 3 months (Correct Answer)
After using Naegele’s Rule with a Last Menstrual Period (LMP) of March 20, 2024, what is the estimated due date if you first subtract 3 months and then add 7 days?
A) April 27, 2024
B) June 27, 2024
C) December 27, 2024
D) January 27, 2025
C) December 27, 2024
What does the “P” in GTPAL indicate?
A) Number of pregnancies
B) Number of living children
C) Number of pregnancies that resulted in preterm birth
D) Number of abortions
C) Number of pregnancies that resulted in preterm birth (Correct Answer)
For Kim, who is currently 32 weeks pregnant and has four living children born at 36 weeks, 38 weeks, 37 weeks, and 39 weeks, what is her GTPAL?
A) G4, T4, P0, A0, L4
B) G5, T4, P0, A1, L4
C) G5, T3, P1, A0, L4
D) G4, T0, P4, A0, L4
C) G5, T3, P1, A0, L4
If a person has had two pregnancies that both resulted in live births at 38 weeks and 39 weeks, what would their “T” value be in the GTPAL system?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 0
D) 3
B) 2 (Correct Answer)
In the GTPAL system, what does “T” stand for?
A) Total number of pregnancies
B) Number of pregnancies that resulted in term births (≥37 weeks)
C) Number of living children
D) Number of abortions
B) Number of pregnancies that resulted in term births (≥37 weeks) (Correct Answer)
What is the definition of a term pregnancy?
A) Birth before 20 weeks
B) Birth between 20-36.6 weeks
C) Birth between 37-41.6 weeks
D) Birth after 42 weeks
C) Birth between 37-41.6 weeks (Correct Answer)
What is the definition of a preterm pregnancy?
A) Birth before 37 weeks
B) Birth after 40 weeks
C) Birth between 20-36.6 weeks
D) Birth between 37-41.6 weeks
A) Birth before 37 weeks
C) Birth between 20-36.6 weeks
If a baby is born at 36 weeks of gestation, how is this classified?
A) Term
B) Post-term
C) Preterm
D) Full-term
C) Preterm (Correct Answer)
