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3. Obstetrics > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of presumptive pregnancy?

A

Amenorrhoea
Nausea + vomiting
Breast tenderness

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2
Q

Signs of probable pregnancy?

A

+ve Pregnancy test

Chadwick’s sign

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3
Q

Signs of positive pregnancy?

A

USS

Foetal HR detectable

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4
Q

What is chadwick’s sign?

A

Bluish tinge of vagina/cervix

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5
Q

What causes morning sickness?

A

Increased b-HCG levels

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6
Q

What makes morning sickness worse?

A

Molar preg

Multiple preg

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7
Q

What are the cardiac changes in pregnancy?

A

Increased CO by 30-50%
- Pulse increases by 20

BP decreased in 2nd trimester

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8
Q

Why does cardiac output increase in pregnancy?

A

Blood to uterus must exceed 1L/min

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9
Q

What causes BP to drop in the 2nd trimester?

A

Decreased sensitivity to angiotensin

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10
Q

What are the respiratory changes in pregnancy?

A

Low PCO2

  • Increased tidal volume
  • Increased RR
  • Decreased pH

Shortness of breath

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11
Q

What causes reduced tidal volume, increased RR and reduced pH?

A

Progesterone directly

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12
Q

What is the pattern of SOB in pregnancy?

A

Gradual

Sudden = pathology

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13
Q

What happens to PO2 in pregnancy?

A

Stays the same

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14
Q

What are the urinary changes in pregnancy?

A

Increased urine output

  • Renal plasma flow increases >25% –>
  • GFR increases
  • Low urea and creatinine

Increased risk of UTI

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15
Q

What causes the increased UTI risk in pregnancy?

A

Physiological hydronephrosis in 3rd trimester

- Can lead to pyelonephritis

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16
Q

What are the GI changes in pregnancy?

A

GORD

Decreased gastric emptying

17
Q

What causes GORD in pregnancy?

A

Decreased oesophageal peristalsis

Relaxation of cardiac sphincter

18
Q

What should be used to treat gastric issues in pregnancy?

A

Nitodin

19
Q

What are the haematological changes in pregnancy?

A

Anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

Increased WCC

20
Q

What causes anaemia in pregnancy?

A

Increase in MCV
Increase in plasma volume of 50%
- This leads to almost dilution of haemaglobin

21
Q

When should iron supplements be used in pregnancy?

A

<110Hb before

<100 on 28 week test

22
Q

What causes thrombocytopenia in pregnancy?

A

Dilution of platelets

3. Obstetrics (15 decks)

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