Pregnancy

Question 1

hormones 0-12 weeks produced by

Answer 1

corpus luteum

Question 2

hormones 12-42 weeks produced by

Answer 2

placenta

Question 3

Human chorionic gonadotropin (Hcg)

Answer 3

produced by developing conceptus and placenta
basis of many tests
prevents involution of corpus luteum
causes corpus luteum to secrete larger quantities of sex hormones [positive feedback loop]

Question 4

Estrogen

Answer 4

produced by corpus luteum and placenta
enlargement of uterus, breasts, and external genitalia
relax pelvic ligaments

Question 5

progesterone

Answer 5

role in nutrition of early embryo
decreases uterine contractlity/ relaxes it
helps estrogen prepare breasts for lactation

Question 6

Placenta is formed from the

Answer 6

trophoblastic cells around the blastocyst

Question 7

Oxygen, CO2, food, + is pushed through to the placenta by

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

Effects of drug use during 3 stages of pregnanc

Answer 8

1: early: death
2. 3-8 weeks: major morphological malformations
3: 9-term: physiological defect/minor morphological

Question 9

gestational age

Answer 9

measured from the last day of the last menstrual period

Question 10

Embryonic period

Answer 10

first 8 weeks post conception

organs form from 3 primary germ layers; basic body plan emerges

Question 11

Fetal period

Answer 11

remaining 30 weeks (9-38 or birth; (+ 2 weeks to get gestational age))
organs grow in size and complexity

Question 12

blastocyst

Answer 12

2 cell types: inner cell mass [forms embryo] and trophoblast [helps form placenta and implantation]

Question 13

during implantation, inner cell mass divides into

Answer 13

epiblast [amniotic sac] and hypoblast [yolk sac]

Question 14

Primary germ layers (tissue formation)

Answer 14

Endoderm [metabolism, homeostasis]; Mesoderm [muscle, skeleton]; Ectoderm [skin, interacts with environment]

Question 15

ductus venosus

Answer 15

shuts blood away from liver (liver is underdeveloped at birth)

Question 16

high pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 16

shunting away from lungs; lungs are collapsed

Question 17

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 17

shunt/hole between pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 18

Foramen ovale

Answer 18

hole between R & L atrium
blood doesn’t go to lungs and instead goes through foramen ovale (although some blood does go to the lungs for lung development not for fetal oxygenation purposes)