Immunity and Inflammation

Question 1

Ouch, Foot off nail

Answer 1

Pain/nocioreceptor, quick A fibers

Question 2

Red, tenderness, throb, warm, itch

Answer 2

Longer, C Delta Fibers

Question 3

Lines of Defense

Answer 3

1: Physical barriers
2: Innate immunity; inflammation
3: Adaptive

Question 4

Innate Immunity: Physical barriers [FIRST LINE]

Answer 4

Innate, CONSTANT presences, epithelial cells, NOT SPECIFIC response, NO MEMORY
(good that it is always there but not specific and no memory)
Ex: skin, mucous membranes, secretory cells, cilia, normal flora

Question 5

Innate Immunity: Inflammation [2nd LINE]

Answer 5

NON SPECIFIC, in response to and usually in proportion to injury*, immediate response (good since adaptive is gearing up), NO memory

Question 6

Adaptive Immunity (acquired) [3rd LINE]

Answer 6

DELAYED response, VERY SPECIFIC toward antigen, discriminatory & diverse, T & B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, SPECIFIC memory

Question 7

Inflammation is amazing!

Answer 7

1. prevents infection and further damage by microorganisms
   2, Self limiting through plasma protein systems (starts and shuts off self)
2. interacts with components of adaptive immunity so a more specific response can occur
3. Prepares area for healing (brings all necessary cells to site)

Question 8

Inflammatory process

Answer 8

1. increased vascular permeability
2. recruitment and emigration of leukocytes
3. Phagocytosis

Question 9

Physical findings of inflammation

Answer 9

1. Pain
2. Heat
3. Redness
4. Swelling
5. Loss of Function

Question 10

Compliment activation results in

Answer 10

1. Chemotaxis (call phagocytes to site)
2. Opsonization (tagging)
3. Direct lysis of pathogens
4. Degranulation of mast cells (release of prostaglanins, histamines, leukocytes, vascular permeability)

Question 11

Coagulation/ Clotting system

Answer 11

1. Clot
2. Migration of Leukocytes
3. Chemotaxis
4. Increased permeability

Question 12

Kinin System

Answer 12

[Bradykinin]

1. Vasodilation
2. vascular permeability
3. pain`

Question 13

Eosinophils

Answer 13

Granulocytes
noted in allergic reactions and parasite infections
regulate inflammatory response
helpful in auto-regulation

Question 14

Neutrophils

Answer 14

granulocytes
early responder; abundant; short lived 
polmorphonuclear leukocytes
phagocytosis
release toxins (actively kill)
bands are immature neutrophils

Question 15

Basophils

Answer 15

granulocytes
immature
mast cell
proinflammatory chemicals
allergic reactions
acute and chronic inflammation
wound healing

Question 16

Monocyte

Answer 16

macrophages when mature
longer living (live for months)
phagocytosis
secrete cytokines
**Present antigens to activate T cells
clean up