Pregnancy Flashcards
When is the first episode of maternal perception of movements? In parous/ and nullparous
Parous- 14-16
Nulll 18-20
When is the peak onset of ‘baby blues’- feeling tired, sad and low?
2-4 days post-partum
When is the fundus of the uterus palpable at the xiphisternum?
38 weeks
When, in nullparous women should the presenting part ‘engage’?
36-38 weeks
When is the uterine fundus palpable at the level of the umbilicus?
22 weeks
Which two drugs are safe to prescribe in pregnancy for epilepsy?
Carbimazipine and lamotrigine
Which drug is safe to treat hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?
Propylthiouracil
Why should trimethoprim be avoided in the first trimester?
Folic acid antagonist
Why should nitrofurantoin be avoided at term?
Risk of neonatal haemolysis
What is classified as a ‘prolonged labour’?
12 days after expected due date
When do pregnancy related hypertension or pre-eclampsia not occur before?
20 weeks
How do you manage mastitis post partum?
Continue breast feeding, simple analgesia and warm compresses
When is the use of antibiotic indicated in treating mastitis?
When there is an infected nipple fissure, if symptoms have not improved over 12-24 hours despite effective milk removal or if the milk culture is postitive
When antibiotics are indicated for mastitis, what should be given and for how long?
Oral Fluclox 10-14 days.
Erythro/Clarithro if pen allergic
What are the cut off values for anaemia in pregnancy?
first trimester Hb less than 110 g/l
second/third trimester Hb less than 105 g/l
postpartum Hb less than 100 g/l
What is a post partum heamorrhage?
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is defined as the loss of 500ml or more from the genital tract within 24 hours of the birth of a baby.
What are the four T’s defining the causes of a PPH?
Tone (uterine atony), tissue (retained placenta), trauma, thrombin (coagulation abnormalities)
What is the typical clinical presentation of placenta praevia?
he key clinical feature is painless bleeding after 24 weeks of gestation.
What are the risk factors for placenta preavia?
previous placenta praevia, previous caesarean section, endometrium damage and multiple pregnancies.
What is the ‘let down’ reflex?
Its when the milk is ejected from the breasts in lactation
What is lactation dependent upon?
Prolactin and Oxytocin
Which one stimulates milk secretion- prolactin or oxytocin?
Prolactin
What actually causes milk to be secreted?
The rapid decline in oestrogen and progesterone levels after birth, these are both antagonised by prolactin.
What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
Oxytocin stimulates ejection in response to nipple suckling, which also stimulates prolactin release and therefore more milk secretion.
