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Obstetrics > PREGNANCY > Flashcards

PREGNANCY Flashcards

For the Win

1
Q

Another term for pregnancy

A

Gravidity/ gestations

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2
Q

Perfect place for pregnancy to take place

A

Uterus

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3
Q

Average weeks for pregnancy

A

40 weeks

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4
Q

Range of Pregnancy

A

38 - 42 weeks

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5
Q

Do Doctors, Nurses and Midwives use the 9 calendar months for pregnancy dates?

A

No

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6
Q

What type of calendar do Doctors, Nurses and Midwived use to determine a pregnant woman’s due date?

A

10 Lunar months

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7
Q

1 lunar month is equivalent to how many weeks?

A

4 weeks

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8
Q

How many percent of blood flow to the uterus in a person who’s pregnant?

A

20-40%

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9
Q

is the Uterus Expandable?

A

yes

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10
Q

expulsion of fetus + placenta

A

Labor/Delivery/ Parity

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11
Q

What supplies blood to the Fetus?

A

Placenta

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12
Q

How is cervical dilation done?

A

through uterine contraction

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13
Q

Cervix can open upto how many centimeters?

A

10cm

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14
Q

3 phases of cervical dilation

A

Latent Phase
Active Phase
Transitional Phase

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15
Q

Stages of Labor/ Delivery

A

Cervical dilation stage
Fetal Expulsion/delivery stage
Pacental delivery stage
Recovery stage

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16
Q

How many centimeters are dilated in the Latent phase?

A

0-3cm

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17
Q

How many centimeters are dilated in the Active phase?

A

4-7cm

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18
Q

How many centimeters are dilated in the Transitional phase?

A

8-10cm

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19
Q

How strong are the contractions in the latent phase?

A

Mild

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20
Q

How strong are the contractions in the active phase?

A

Moderate

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21
Q

How strong are the contractions in the Transitional phase?

A

Strong

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22
Q

How many hours does it take a nullipara dilate 0-3cm in the latent phase?

A

8 to 20 hours

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23
Q

How many hours does it take a multipara dilate 0-3cm in the latent phase?

A

5-14 hours

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24
Q

How many hours does it take a nullipara dilate in the active phase?

A

1-2cm/hour

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25
Q

How many hours does it take a multipara dilate in the active phase?

A

1cm/hour

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26
Q

The transitional phase is the most _____________ but the ______________.

A

most painful
but shortest in time

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27
Q

What stage of labor/delivery when the mother is asked to “bear down with contraction/ urge to push”?

A

Fetal Delivery Stage

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28
Q

How many hours will a nulliparous woman deliver her baby?

A

1-2 hours

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29
Q

How many hours will a multiparous woman deliver her baby?

A

30 minutes to 1 hour

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30
Q

Average and maximum minutes of a nulliparous woman to deliver the placenta?

A

Average: 5 to 15 minutes
Maximum: 30 minutes

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31
Q

During the Placental delivery, what should the nurse watch out for?

A

Uterus Inversion
(3rd stage missed manage ang delivery)

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32
Q

What should the nurse report regarding the placental delivery?

A

When the expulsion exceeds the 30-minute time. Report to Physician already

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33
Q

Signs of Placental Preparation

A

LUVS
Lengthening Cord
Uterus Firm
Visible in Vagina
Sudden gush of blood

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34
Q

Medical term for Firm uterus (grape-fruit like)

A

Calkin’s sign

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35
Q

Active Management 3rd Stage

A

Controlled Cord Traction
Oxytocin
Early Cord Clamping
Recovery Stage (other books)

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36
Q

Other term for Controlled Cord Traction

A

Brandt Andrew Maneuver Technique

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37
Q

Oxytocin causes:

A

Increasing contractions
Release of milk from the breast after birth

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38
Q

What does oxytocin prevent?

A

Prevent bleeding

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39
Q

Early Cord Clamping prevents:

A

prevent postpartum hemorrhage

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40
Q

During the recovery stage of labor and delivery, what should the nurse monitor?

A

Monitor hemorrhage >500ml / 1000ml in 24 hrs

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41
Q

During the recovery stage of labor and delivery, the nurse is correct if she stated the normal hemorrhage amount?
a. 300 - 400 ml
b. 400 - 500 ml
c. 350 - 450 ml
d. 200- 400 ml

A

a. 300 - 400 ml

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42
Q

How many signs of placental delivery are there?

A

4

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43
Q

How should the nurse monitor the amount of hemorrhage?

A

Weigh the pad used

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44
Q

How many weeks is the postpartum phase?

A

6 weeks afer delivery

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45
Q

Return of uterus and vagina to their pre-pregnancy state is called

A

Involution

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46
Q

Signs and Responsibility of Involution

A

C – Contraction “after pains”
A – Ambulation
N – Nutrition

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47
Q

How many weeks should the patient come back for a follow-up check- up when she is experiencing subinvolution?

A

3-4 weeks

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48
Q

Uterus does not return to its normal size

A

Subinvolution

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49
Q

Female’s cells, gonads and hormones?

A

Cell: Eggs
Gonads: Ovaries
Hormone: Estrogen

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50
Q

Male’s cells, gonads and hormones?

A

Cell: Sperm
Gonads: Testis
Hormone: Testosterone

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51
Q

Possible number of eggcells produced by Fetus, Birth, 7yo, 22yo, Menopause:

A

Fetus - 5M
Birth – 2M
7y/o – 500k
22y/o – 300k
Menopause - 0

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52
Q

What does the sperm cells need to be able to impregnate a woman?

A

Sperm maturity

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53
Q

Average sperm count per ejaculation

A

400M/ ejaculate

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54
Q

Average sperm count per mL

A

20 to 200M sperms (per ml)

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55
Q

Average amount of fluid discharge when ejaculating

A

2.5mL

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56
Q

Other term of Menstrual Cycle

A

Ovarian Cycle

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57
Q

Average number of days for menstrual cycle

A

28 days
(Range: 23-35 days)

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58
Q

Amount of blood produced during menstruation

A

30-80mL

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59
Q

1st Menstruation is called:

A

Menarche

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60
Q

Age range to have menarche

A

9-16 years old

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61
Q

Average age to have menarche

A

12 years old and 4 months

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62
Q

What releases Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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63
Q

GNRH stands for

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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64
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland releases

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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65
Q

FSH stands for

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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66
Q

When Follicles become yellow, what’s it called?

A

Corpus Luteum

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67
Q

Hormone of pregnancy

A

Progesterone

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68
Q

Why is progesterone needed?

A
  • Thicker lining
  • Thicker mucus
  • Intact lining
  • Relaxes uterus
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69
Q

What hormone makes the lining of the uterus thicker and what hormone maintains it?

A

Estrogen makes the lining,
Progesterone maintains it

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70
Q

Ovarian Cycle Phases

A

Proliferation Phase
Ovulation Phase
Luteal Phase
Ischemic Phase
Menstrual Phase

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71
Q

Other term for Luteal phase

A

Progesteronic/ secretory phase

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72
Q

How many days is Ischemic phase

A

1-3 days

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73
Q

How many days is menstrual phase?

A

3-5 days or 2-9 days

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74
Q

Other term for Fertilization

A

Conception/ impregnation

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75
Q

union of egg and perm

A

Fertilization

76
Q

Mature female reproductive cell

77
Q

Fertilized ovum

78
Q

Cell division

79
Q

Murlberry

80
Q

Ready to implat

A

Blastocyst

81
Q

Embed implanted (8-10 days)

82
Q

How many days for a blastocyst to be implanted?

83
Q

Organ development complete

A

Organogenesis

84
Q

Organogenesis completed (8 weeks)

85
Q

How many days is the Luteal phase

86
Q

How many days if ovulation

87
Q

First trimester is how many weeks / how many lunar months

A

12-14 weeks
1-3 lunar months

88
Q

First Lunar Month

A

F: Four weeks AOG
I: Implanted (50%) “Embryo”
R: Rudimentary Heart (There’s a heart beat but cant hear)
S: Spinal cord: Fusion: Folic Acid (vit B): Risk for NTD
T: Three Germ Layers

89
Q

first lunar month is equivalent to how many weeks?

A

Four weeks AOG

90
Q

Embryo implanted how many percent?

91
Q

There’s a heart beat but cant hear it, what’s it called?

A

Rudimentary heart

92
Q

Spinal Cord Fusion needs what vitamin

A

Vitamin B9: Folic Acid

93
Q

Spinal Cord fusion is risk for?

A

Neural Tube Defect (NTD)

94
Q

What are the 3 germ layers?

A

Outside: Ectoderm
Middle: Mesoderm
Inside: Endoderm

95
Q

ECTOderm development in the first lunar month

A

E- Eys, ears, nose
C- CNS
T- Touch (skin, hair, nails)
O- Opening of the body

96
Q

MESOderm development in the first lunar month

A

M- Muscular system/muscles
E- Enamel of teeth
S- Skeletal system
O- Organs “circulatory, upper urinary, reproductive”

97
Q

ENDOderm development in the first lunar month

A

L- Lover urinary system
L-Linings (all)
L- lalamunang may TT-TT (throat, tonsils, thyroid, thymus, trachea)
L- lungs

98
Q

FIRST Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

99
Q

SECOND Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

100
Q

THIRD Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

101
Q

FOURTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

102
Q

FIFTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

103
Q

SIXTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

104
Q

SEVENTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

105
Q

EIGHTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?

106
Q

NINTH lunar monthequivalent to how many weeks?

107
Q

TENTH lunar month is equivalent to how many weeks?
average:
Term:
Early term:
Late term:
Post term:

A

average: 40 weeks
Term: 38-42 weeks
Early term: 37-38 weeks
Late term: 41-42 weeks
Post term: more than 42 weeks

108
Q

SECOND lunar month manifestations

A

S- Sac(membrane)
E- Extremities
C- Contraction of Heart
O- Organogenesis completed: Fetus
N- Noticeable face
D- Digestive System: Amniotic fluid (swallows)

109
Q

First functioning organ

110
Q

THIRD lunar month manifestations

A

T- Toothbuds/ bone ossifies
H- Hear heart sound
I- Ihi formed
R- Reflex
D- Doppler

111
Q

What do the toothbuds and bones need to be ossified

A

Calcium 1g/day

112
Q

what do fetus drink?

A

Amniotic fluid

113
Q

Does a fetus urinate during the third lunar month?

A

No, urine i only formed but not expelled

114
Q

FOUR Lunar Month Manifestations

A

F- Fetoscope / Fine downy hair
O- Ordinary Stethoscope
U- Urinates
R- Reveal Gender

115
Q

What lunar month are we able to hear a fetal heart rate using just an ordinary stethoscope?

116
Q

At 36 weeks, lanugo will

116
Q

how many amniotic fluid will be aspirated?

117
Q

What lunar month are we able to hear a fetal heart rate using just an ordinary doppler?

117
Q

What lunar month are we able to hear a fetal heart rate using just an ordinary Fetoscope?

117
Q

FIVE Lunar Months manifestations

A

F- Fetal movements felt – Quickening.
I- IgG transfer
T- Vernix Caseosa: White cheese like in skin
F- Vernix Caseosa

118
Q

FIVE Lunar Months, survival rate

119
Q

Fetal movement felt when?

A

Ealiest - Para: 18-20 wks,
Multi: 16 wks

119
Q

SIX “the special” Lunar Month Manifestations

A

S - Scalp hair
S - Sound
S - Surfactant
S - Survival

120
Q

Protect the skin and Produce heat -delay bathing

A

Vernix caseosa

121
Q

Post term, what happens to vernix caseosa?

A

desquamates

122
Q

When will a fetus hear a sound from the outside world?

A

6th lunar month (24 weeks)

123
Q

What produces surfactant?

124
Q

Surfactant prevents?

A

Alveolar collapse

125
Q

What week should a surfactant be enough for Term

126
Q

If preterm and the baby lack surfactant, what will be the risk?

A

Risk for Respiratory distress syndrome

127
Q

Age of Viability, ideal weight

A

20-24 weeks, 500g

128
Q

SEVEN Lunar Month manifestations

A

S - Scrotum
E - Eyes delicate
V - Vessels in retina forming
E - Eye blinking peaks
N - Ninety % survival rate

129
Q

On the 7th lunar month, if the scrotum is still undescended, what’s it called?

A

cryptoorchidism

130
Q

On the 7th lunar month, if the scrotum is still undescended,and what’s its risk?

A

Risk for Testicular Cancer

131
Q

increase o2 concentration at the 7th lunar month causes

132
Q

EIGHT Lunar Month Manifestations

A

E – Extends when startled: MORO
I – Iron stores in liver
G- Growth faster
H- Hermit – face disappears
T- Tips of nails

133
Q

Iron stored in the liver can be used upto how many months?

134
Q

Hermit face is also called the

A

Old-man’s face

135
Q

NINTH Lunar Month Manifestations

A

N- Near term
I- Increased fats
N- Near 100% survival
T- Turn around
H- Head down: Cephalic presentation

136
Q

TEN Lunar Month Manifestations

A

T- Term: 38 – 42 weeks
E- Engaged: decrease of fetus entering the pelvic intet “ischial spine”
N- Nearing Birth

137
Q

What does the mother need when she is near to give birth?

A

Name
Nappies (things)
Nest-Building
Natal preparation (for cooperation): “Birthplan” (wishes)
Safety
Flexible

138
Q

Fetal heart rate

A

110-160 bpm

139
Q

MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES/ SIGNS

A

Presumptive Signs
Probable Signs
Positive Signs

140
Q

preSUmptive is

A

Subjective
Complained by the patient

141
Q

Presumptive signs and symptoms

A

P-Pain
R- Respiratory Changes
E- Enlarged breast
S- Skin Changes
U- Urinary Frequency
M- Morning Sickness/ Menses
P- Palmar Erythema
T- Tiredness
I- Increase Salivation
V- Vaginal Changes/ Varicose veins
E- Enlargement of uterus and abdomen

142
Q

Is the following Normal or abnormal headache:
*Mild, occassional, migraine/ new onset

A

Normal headache

143
Q

Is the following Normal or abnormal headache:
* Severe, continuous, Unrelieved by paracetamol, visual changes

A

Abnormal Headache (increased hypertension)

144
Q

What kind of visual changes are under the abnormal headache

A

Blurring and Floaters

145
Q

Heart burn is also known as

146
Q

Causes of Heartburn

A

Sphincter Relaxed
Stomach increased HCI Acid (+ flatulence)
Stomach pushed upward by enlarged uterus

147
Q

Management for heartburn

A

Small, Frequent, feeding
Slow chewing
Should wait 2-3hrs before lying down
Side: Left
Support pillow: 2

148
Q

True or False:
Client with heartburn will have a modification on their diet: small frequent feeding

149
Q

True or False:
Hueartburn clients can lie down immediately after meal

A

False
(should wait 2-3 hours before lying down)

150
Q

Where will the client with heartburn position herself when lying down

151
Q

How many pillow support

152
Q

What should the client with heartburn avoid?

A

Alkaseltzer
Baking Soda
Tomato
Fatty
Citrus/Caffeine/Cabbage/Cola

153
Q

What medications are allowed to a client with heartburn, take?

A

Magnesium Hydroxide
H2 blockers “-tidine”
Aluminum Hydroxide “Maalox”

154
Q

Pride of pregnancy

155
Q

Cause of backpain

A

Progesterone and relax
Softens the pelvic joints

156
Q

True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to stand straight?

157
Q

True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to support pillow in the front when sitting?

A

False
(it should be in the back)

158
Q

True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to do squats?

159
Q

True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to wear high heeled shoes?

A

False
(shoes should be low)

160
Q

What excercise should the client do?

A

Pelvic Rock

161
Q

Pelvic Rock is for? and to strengthen what?

A

For lower back pain
Strengthen Lumbar Spine

162
Q

Cause of leg cramps

A

Decrease Calcium
Increase Phosphorus

163
Q

Prevention of Leg cramps

A

Calcium 1g/day
Magnesium citrate/Lactate BID

164
Q

Abnormal clot is caused by

A

Uterine Pressure

165
Q

how to prevent clot formation

A

Good circulation

166
Q

How to assess clot formation?

A
    • Homan Sign
    • pain, red, warm, swelling (Fever: thrombophlebitis)
167
Q

dorsiflex, extended knee, if + pain in calf

A

Homan’s sign

168
Q

If Long term, what should the client do about her leg cramps?

A

Ambulate
Elevate
Hydrate
Elastic stockings

169
Q

Assist client with eg cramps to ambulate every ___________________.

A

every 2hrs x 20 mins

170
Q

When to put Elastic Stockings/ Pantyhose?

A

Before getting out of bed
If ambulated, lie down 30 mins

171
Q

Hot or cold compress for leg cramps?

A

Cold compress

172
Q

The new nurse is about to massage the embolism, you as the headnurse saw the new nurse, what will you do?

A

Educate the new nurse that a clot might loosen and travel to the brain, lungs or heart

173
Q

management for leg cramps

A

Avoid hot compress: most heat only
Avoid massage: embolism
Bed: Temporary
Call MD
Doppler Ultrasound: drug
– anticoagulant: heparin. No: warfarin: fetal
Embolectomy

174
Q

Enlarged uterus: 3rd trimester causes

A

Shortness of Breath

175
Q

Shortness of breath is relieved during the ______________________

A

descend of fetus (engagement)

176
Q

Can estrogen cause Stuffiness of nose, true or false?

177
Q

Enlarged breast manifestation: What has Increase Vascularity (estrogen)

A

Breast Veins

178
Q

Enlarged breast manifestation: What’s Progesterone + Human Placenta Lactogen (HPL) for?

A

Readies for Lactation

179
Q

What hormone does the breast need to enlarge?

180
Q

What hormone does the areola need to darken?

Obstetrics (3 decks)

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