COMPREHENSIVE MATERNAL Flashcards
What is the average duration of pregnancy?
40 weeks
Acceptable range is 38 to 42 weeks.
How many calendar months does pregnancy typically last?
9 calendar months
What is the range of uterine blood supply during pregnancy?
20% - 40%
What is the term for the expulsion of the fetus and placenta?
Parity
What is the maximum cervical dilation during labor?
10cm
What are the three phases of labor?
- Latent
- Active
- Transitional
What is the dilation range for the Latent phase?
0-3cm
What is the average duration of the Latent phase for a Nullipara?
8 to 20 hours
What is the average dilation rate for a Nullipara during the Active phase?
1.2cm/hr
What is the dilation range for the Active phase?
4-7cm
What is the average duration of the Transitional phase?
Shortest phase
What is the typical duration for fetal delivery in a Nullipara?
1 to 2 hours
What is the average time for placenta delivery?
5 to 15 minutes
What is the mnemonic sign for placental separation?
LUVS
What does the ‘L’ in the mnemonic LUVS stand for?
Lengthening Cord
What is the ‘Calkin Sign’ indicative of?
Uterus Firm (grape - fruit like)
What is a sign of uterine inversion?
Uterus is pulled inside out as placenta exits
What technique is used for controlled cord traction?
Brandt - Andrews Maneuver
What medication is commonly used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage?
Oxytocin
What is the normal blood loss in the first 24 hours postpartum?
300 to 400ml
What is the definition of ‘involution’ in the postpartum context?
Return of uterus and vagina to their pre-pregnancy state
What does the ‘C’ in the postpartum acronym C.A.N. stand for?
Contraction ‘after pains’
What is the term for not decreasing in size during postpartum check-up?
Subinvolution
What is the average volume of ejaculate?
2.5ml
How many sperm are typically found per milliliter of ejaculate?
20 to 200M sperms (per ml)
What hormone is primarily produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen
What hormone is primarily produced by the testes?
Testosterone
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
28 days (range: 23 to 35 days)
The menstrual cycle can vary significantly among individuals.
At what age does menarche typically occur?
Age 9 to 16, average is 12 years and 4 months
Menarche marks the beginning of a female’s menstrual cycles.
What hormone does the hypothalamus release during puberty?
GNRH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) is crucial for initiating the reproductive hormone cascade.
What does FSH stand for?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
FSH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is essential for the growth of ovarian follicles.
What phase follows the proliferation phase in the ovarian cycle?
Ischemic Phase
This phase occurs if fertilization does not take place, leading to the disintegration of the corpus luteum.
What does the corpus luteum produce?
Progesterone
Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.
What is the primary function of progesterone?
Thicker lining, thicker mucus, intact lining, and relaxes uterus
These functions help prepare the uterus for possible implantation of a fertilized egg.
What is the term for the fertilized egg?
Zygote
The zygote is the initial stage of development following the union of sperm and egg.
What is the blastocyst stage?
Ready to implant
The blastocyst is formed after the morula stage and is the stage that implants into the uterine lining.
At what point is the embryo referred to as a fetus?
After organogenesis is completed (8 weeks)
This marks a significant developmental milestone in pregnancy.
What day does ovulation typically occur in a regular menstrual cycle?
Day 14
Ovulation occurs approximately 14 days before the next menstrual period.
What is the shortest and longest cycle length for irregular cycles?
Shortest: 25 days; Longest: 35 days
Monitoring menstrual cycles over several months can help determine individual patterns.
What is the significance of the first trimester?
Most sensitive period for fetal development
Major developmental processes occur during this time, including organ formation.
What is the role of folic acid during early pregnancy?
Reduces risk for neural tube defects (NTD)
Folic acid is critical for proper spinal cord development.
Fill in the blank: The first lunar month of pregnancy is considered to be _____ weeks AOG.
Four weeks
AOG stands for Age of Gestation.
