pregnancy

Question 1

what weeks are T1

Answer 1

conecption/one till 12/13

Question 2

what weeks are T2

Answer 2

14 till 27

Question 3

what weeks are T3

Answer 3

28 till 40

Question 4

name function of the placenta

Answer 4

key endocrine organ (hormones)
suppplies nutrients and O2
removes waste products
acts as physical barrier

Question 5

name the stages of T1

Answer 5

the blastogenetic stage
the embryonic stage
the foetal stage

Question 6

what weeks are the blastogenesis stage

Answer 6

1-2

Question 7

what weeks are the embronic stage

Answer 7

2-8

Question 8

what weeks are the foetal stage

Answer 8

8+

Question 9

what is the average weight increase during T2

Answer 9

25-875g

Question 10

when does the foetal become viable

Answer 10

after T2

Question 11

what T does the baby quadruple in weight

Answer 11

T3

Question 12

what happens during T3

Answer 12

stores of fat and other nutrients developed
maturation of organs

Question 13

how much extra energy is required during T3

Answer 13

200kcal

Question 14

name some metabolic and physical changes that occur during pregnancy

Answer 14

25-30% blood increase
increased oestrogen and progesterone
heart burn increased
urinary output increased

Question 15

name the benefits of exercise during labor

Answer 15

weight bearing - decrease length of labour
makes foetal stress less frequent
more likely to continue exercise after birth

Question 16

what is the average pregnancy weight gain

Answer 16

12kgs

Question 17

name the benefits of desirable weight gain

Answer 17

optimizes maternal survival
reduces complications in labour
gives the greatest foetal growth

Question 18

how much weight gain comes from the foetus

Answer 18

3300-3500g

Question 19

how much weight comes from the placenta

Answer 19

650g

Question 20

what is the average total weight gain during pregnancy

Answer 20

11500-13500g

Question 21

why is extra energy required

Answer 21

increased mass of uterus
formation of feotus
expanded blood volume
additional cost of locomotion

Question 22

why is protein required

Answer 22

growth of the foetus and maternal tissues

Question 23

why does a foetus need amino acids

Answer 23

processes of protein synthesis, carbon accretion, oxidative metabolism and biosynthesis

Question 24

what is the RNI for protein

Answer 24

0.75g per kg of body weight per day

Question 25

what are the best source of LCPUFAs

Answer 25

oily fish, eggs, meat

Question 26

what should you limit oily fish to

Answer 26

2 a week

Question 27

what seafood should you avoid

Answer 27

shark, swordfish and marlin

Question 28

what vitamins are required in extra

Answer 28

A, B2 (riboflavin), Folate, C and B1 (thiamine)

Question 29

ho much more vit A is required

Answer 29

100ug a day

Question 30

how much extra riboflavin/B2 is required

Answer 30

300ug daily

Question 31

how much extra folate is required

Answer 31

100ug daily

Question 32

how much extra vit C is required

Answer 32

10mg a daily (only T3)

Question 33

how much extra thiamine/vit B1 is required

Answer 33

100ug daily (only T3)

Question 34

what is vit A required for

Answer 34

growth and maintenance

Question 35

what is vit D used for

Answer 35

prevention of rickets

Question 36

what is an adversion

Answer 36

disgust to the smell or taste of a food/drink

Question 37

common early adversions

Answer 37

tea, coffee, alcohol, fried foods

Question 38

common late adversions

Answer 38

sweet foods

Question 39

what is PICA

Answer 39

desire for substances not fit for food

Question 40

how many woman experience nausea and vomiting

Answer 40

60-80%

Question 41

what causes morning sickness

Answer 41

increase in oestrogen and progesterone

Question 42

recommendations to help morning sickness

Answer 42

eat plain crackers when you first wake up small frequent meals rich in CHO ginger tea keep hydrated avoid tea/coffee

Question 43

what is hyperemesis gravidarium

Answer 43

persistent vomiting before the 20th week of gestation

Question 44

what T does heart burn commonly occur

Answer 44

3rd

Question 45

how is heartburn caused

Answer 45

abdorminal pressure caused by enlarged uterus

Question 46

recommendations for heart burn

Answer 46

small frequent meals, eat slowly, milk and yohurt, avoid lying 1-2 hours after eating

Question 47

what causes constipation and haemorrhoids

Answer 47

progesterone slows peristalic action of smooth muscle in bowel enlarging uterus displaces internal organs

Question 48

reccomendations for constipation and haemorrhoids

Answer 48

increase fluid intake high fibre diet increased physical activity

Question 49

what is pre-eclampsia

Answer 49

hypertension and oedema

Question 50

what are the risk factors for pre-eclampsia

Answer 50

<20 or >40 high BMI family history

Question 51

what is the only cure of pre-eclampsia

Answer 51

early delivery or C section

Question 52

what is gestational diabetes mellitus

Answer 52

a type of diabetes developed during pregnancy in woman that have never had diabetes before

Question 53

what is the treatment for gestational diabetes

Answer 53

low sugar, high fibre diet insulin sometimes required

Question 54

what are the risks of smoking

Answer 54

increased chance of miscarriage and still birth poor growth and low birth weight premature delivery decreases O2 to baby increases heart rate of baby

Question 55

alcohol during pregnancy may result in what

Answer 55

spontaneous abortion CNS impairment birth defects

Question 56

what is caffeine a risk factor for

Answer 56

miscarriage

Question 57

what is reccomended max intake

Answer 57

200mg/day (roughly 2 mugs)