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PHRM 825 Exam 5 > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Benefits of prenatal supplements

A
  1. Help with fetal development
  2. Help prevent fetal complications
  3. Help prevent maternal complications
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2
Q

Prenatal supplements

A
  1. Folate: reduce risk of neural tubal defects
    400-600 mcg
  2. Calcium: decrease risk of maternal bone loss, HTN, preeclampsia
    1000-1300 mg daily
  3. Iron: helps with blood oxygenation
    26-30 mg daily
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3
Q

Vaccine recommendations

A

Inactivated Flu before end of October

Tdap between 27-36 weeks of pregnancy

COVID 19

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4
Q

Vaccines to avoid during pregnancy

A

LIVE VACCINES

HPV
MMR
Live flu
Varicella
Yellow fever
Typhoid fever

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5
Q

Substance use

A

Alcohol use is NOT recommended during pregnancy

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6
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

central nervous system abnormalities

growth defects

facial dysmorphia

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7
Q

Tobacco and Marijuana

A

Low birth weight

Preterm birth

Birth defects

Death

Brain development disruption

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8
Q

Opioids

A

use during pregnancy has been linked to preterm birth, stillbirth, maternal mortality, feeding problems, breathing problems, and NAS

RISKS BENEFITS SITUATION

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9
Q

Medication use in pregnancy

A

What is the risk-benefit ratio?

Is the drug actually necessary?

What is the most effective agent and lowest effective dose with the lowest duration?

What would the health of the mother be without the drug?

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10
Q

Teratogenicity CONTRAINDICATED

A
  1. WARFARIN
  2. LISINOPRIL
  3. LITHIUM
  4. METHOTREXATE
  5. ALCOHOL
  6. ISOTRETINOIN
  7. STATINS
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11
Q

PK PARAMETERS

A
  1. Decreased rate of absorption
  2. Decreased protein binding
  3. Decreased CYP2C19 activity
  4. Increased CrCl
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12
Q

Package insert

A

section 8

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13
Q

Disease state management during pregnancy

A

Diabetes

Hypertension

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14
Q

Preferred treatment for diabetes

A

insulin for type 1 and 2

other oral options currently not recommended

monitor blood glucose 4 times daily

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15
Q

Preferred treatment for hypertension

A

Labetalol
Amlodipine
Nifedipine
HCTZ
Hydralazine
Methyldopa

AVOID MEDICATIONS ENDING IN PRIL AND SARTAN

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16
Q

Nausea and vomiting

A

usually in FIRST trimester

Risk factors motion sickness, GERD, high fat diet, younger

Non pharm and Pharm

17
Q

First line treatment nausea and vomiting

A

Non pharm:
avoid triggers
eat smaller, dry meals
avoid spicy food

18
Q

Second line treatment nause vomiting

A

Pharm:
1st- Pyridoxine
2nd- doxylamine and pyridoxine
3rd- meclizine, benadryl
last- zofran, metoclopramide

19
Q

Treatment of UTI

A

Cephalosporins
Kflex
Amoxil
Ampicillin

20
Q

Prevention of preterm labor

A

Progesterone
200 mg vaginal suppository if not history of preterm birth

250 mg IV weekly

21
Q

Short-term complications in pregnancy

A
  1. nausea and vomiting
  2. heartburn and constipation
  3. Pain, fever, and headache
  4. cough and cold
  5. UTI
22
Q

Pharmacological treatment of heartburn

A
  1. antacids (magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate)
  2. sucralfate: not absorbed in GI tract
  3. Histamine-2- receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitor
23
Q

Pharmacological treatment of constipation

A

osmotic laxatives (miralax, and lactulose)
stool softeners (docusate)
Bulk laxatives (psyllium)

24
Q

Pharmacological treatment for pain, fever, and headache

A
  1. tylenol
    AVOID NSAIDS AFTER 32 WEEKS
25
Q

Pharmacological treatment for cough and cold

A

congestion- sudafed or nasal saline spray

rhinorrhea or sleeplessness- chlorpheniramine or benadryl

26
Q

Long-term complications in pregnancy

A

depression
gestational diabetes
thromboembolism
preeclampsia and eclampsia
preterm labor

27
Q

Depressive disorder

A

Edinburgh scale
CBT or pharmacological agents

28
Q

Treatment of thromboembolism

A

Non pharm: IVC, compression socks

Anticoagulation for at least 6 months
AVOID WARFARIN

29
Q

Preeclampsia

A

sudden spike in blood pressure and protein in the urine

Aspirin 60-80 mg starting

Mild: < 180/120
monitor closely, testing, labs

Severe: > 180/120
Hydralazine
Labetalol
Nitroprusside
Nifedipine

30
Q

Seizure management

A

Magnesium sulfate 4-6 g IV bolus

31
Q

Treatment of Group B strep

A

penicillin G or ampicillin

32
Q

Antibiotics in premature membrane rupture

A

ampicillin + erythromycin

PHRM 825 Exam 5 (7 decks)

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