Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS3112 > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What does GTPAL stand for?

A

G - gravida
T - term
P - pre-term
A - abortions
L - living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does gravidity and parity mean?

A

gravidity = number of pregnancies including any current pregnancies (regardless of current gestational age)

parity = the number of times that a woman had given birth to a fetus with a gestational age of 20 weeks or more, regardless of whether the child was born alive or was stillborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For the diagnosis of pregnancy, there are presumptive signs, probable signs, and positive signs. What category do the following signs fall into?
- Goodell’s Sign
- Chadwick’s sign
- Hegar’s sign
- Positive pregnancy test
- ballotment
- uterine enlarged

A

probable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Goodell’s sign?

A

A positive Goodell sign is characterized by softening of the cervix, (typically noticed in the first 4 to 8 weeks of pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Chadwick’s sign?

A

Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is being described?
“an indication of pregnancy in a woman, specifically the compressibility and softening of the cervical isthmus (the portion of the cervix between the uterus and the vaginal portion of the cervix) and the uterine cervixappearing bluish and engorged.”

A

Hegar’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is being described: a technique of feeling for a movable object in the body, esp confirmation of pregnancy by feeling the rebound of the fetus following a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus.

A

ballottment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

For the diagnosis of pregnancy, there are presumptive signs, probable signs, and positive signs. What category do the following signs fall into?
- amenorrhea
- breast tenderness
- nausea / vomiting
- urinary frequency
- fatigue
- quickening

A

presumptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

the absence of menstruation, often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is quickening?

A

Quickening is when a pregnant person starts to feel their baby’s movement in their uterus (womb). It feels like flutters, bubbles or tiny pulses. Quickening happens around 16 to 20 weeks in pregnancy, but some people may feel it sooner or later.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Naegele’s rule calculates expected due date assuming that the pregnancy lasts precisely _____ weeks.

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to calculate Expected due date (Naegeles rule)

A

○ Begin with first day of last menstrual period (LMP)
○ Minus 3 months
○ Add 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of vaccines?

A

Inactivated vaccines and live-attenuated vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ vaccines contain killed bacteria or viruses that cannot cause a disease.

A

inactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 examples of inactivated vaccines?

A
  • Influenza
  • Tdap (Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 4 examples of live-attenuated vaccines?

A
  • varicella
  • measles
  • mumps
  • rubella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inactivated vaccines are considered safe to use in pregnancy. True or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Live-attenuated vaccines are recommended during pregnancy. True or false?

A

False. Live-attenuated vaccines are not recommended during pregnancy due to the potential of some risk to the developing baby.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

All pregnant women, regardless of vaccination history, should receive the Tdap vaccine between ___-___ weeks of gestation in each pregnancy.

A

21-32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the tetanus diphtheria pertussis (Tdap) vaccine provide protection against?

A

This vaccine protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) and is safe to receive during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whooping cough is a very contagious illness that poses a serious risk to young babies. Once you are vaccinated, your body will make antibodies (allows your body to defend against the illness) against whooping cough that are passed on to your developing baby, providing protection until they are able to receive their own vaccine at two months of age. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Since the amount of whooping cough antibodies in your body decreases over time, you should be vaccinated with Tdap in every pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The causative agent for _______ is trachomatis.

A

chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chlamydia is usually asymptomatic; spotting, purulent cervical discharge is possible however. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What complications can occur if a pregnant woman has untreated chlamydia?

A
  • preterm labor
  • premature rupture of membranes
  • low birth weight
  • newborn getting infected during delivery
  • eye and lung infections in baby who is exposed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is chlamydia treated with?

A

Azithromycin or amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A person with gonorrhea is usually asymptomatic. However, greenish- yellow purulent discharge can occur. True or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Gonnorhea can be treated with ________

A

ceftriaxone IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are complications that can occur with untreated gonnorhea in pregnancy?

A
  • miscarriage
  • premature birth
  • low birth weight
  • premature rupture of membranes
  • chrorioamnionitis
  • can infect newborn during delivery and if untreated, eye problems can occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The causative agent of _______ is T. pallidum.

A

syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the typical first sign of syphilis?

A

The first sign of syphilis is a small sore, called a chancre. The sore appears at the spot where the bacteria entered your body. While most people infected with syphilis develop only one chancre, some people develop several of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are other symptoms of syphilis?

A
  • feel sick and have mild flu-like symptoms, like a slight fever, feeling tired, sore throat, swollen glands, headache, and muscle aches.
  • Sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus
  • weight or hair loss.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is treatment for syphilis

A

Penicillin

34
Q

What can happen if a woman has untreated syphilis throughout pregnancy?

A
  • miscarriage
  • stillbirth
  • newborns death shortly after birth
35
Q

Syphilis can be passed to baby during pregnancy in addition to during delivery. True or false?

A

true

36
Q

Babies born with _______ syphilis can have bone damage, severe anemia, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, nerve problems causing blindness or deafness, meningitis, or skin rashes.

A

congential

37
Q

The causative agent for genital warts is ______.

A

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

38
Q

What is the most common symptom of genital warts?

A

Multiple, flat topped, fingerlike projections.

39
Q

There is no treatment to cure genital warts but there are medications that help with symptoms. In addition, for some people the virus goes away on its own. true or false?

A

True

40
Q

Imiquimod, polophyllin, podofilox or cryotherapy are all used to manage genital warts symptoms. True or false?

A

True

41
Q

The risk of HPV transmission to the baby during childbirth is very low. Even if babies do get the HPV virus, their bodies usually clear the virus on their own. Most of the time, a baby born to a woman with genital warts does not have HPV-related complications. True or false?

A

true

42
Q

The causative agent of __________ is gardnerella.

A

bacterial vaginosis

43
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis? Is it considered an STI?

A
  • profuse, thin, milky discharge, fishy odour
  • can be asymptomatic
  • not an STI
44
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

The antibiotic metronidazole

45
Q

What are potential complications of having BV during pregnancy?

A
  • premature birth
  • low birthweight
46
Q

Can bacterial vaginosis safely be treated during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

A

Yes!

47
Q

The causative agent of _______ is C. albicans.

A

candidiasis

48
Q

What are symptoms of candidiasis?

A
  • vulvar and vaginal pruritus (itchy)
  • thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
49
Q

Fluconazole, miconazole, or clotrimazole are all treatment options for candidiasis. True or false?

A

true

50
Q

Can candidiasis be passed to newborns form their mothers?

A

Yes. This can happen while they’re still in the uterus, but also during passage through the vagina during birth.

51
Q

How might candidiasis present in a newborn?

A

In infants, symptoms include painful white or yellow patches on the tongue, lips, gums, palate (roof of mouth), and inner cheeks (thrush).

It can also spread into the esophagus, making it painful to swallow.

Candidiasis can make a diaper rash worse, producing redness and sensitivity in the affected area, along with a raised red border in some cases.

52
Q

__________ is caused by T. vaginalis and is an infection caused by a parasite.

A

Trichomoniasis

53
Q

What are symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A

yellowish-greenish, frothy mucopurulent, malodorous discharge.

54
Q

The treatment for trichomoniasis is _______ (same treatment as for bacterial vaginosis).

A

metronidazole

55
Q

If you have herpes, antiviral medicine may help reduce symptoms. If you have symptoms of herpes or active genital herpes sores at the start of labor, you may need a ____ _____. This can help lower the risk of passing the infection to your baby.

A

Cesarean section (c-section)

56
Q

Should a person with HIV breastfeed?

A

NO. HIV can be passed to baby this way

57
Q

If you have chlamydia, gonorrhea, or HPV, you can breastfeed your baby. true or false?

A

true

58
Q

There are several endocrine changes in pregnancy. What hormone is present in pregnancy that stimulates progesterone and estrogen.

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

59
Q

In pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone are produced by the ____ ____ at first and then the placenta takes over.

A

corpus luteum

60
Q

What hormone in pregnancy helps with uterine development, vaginal development and cervical plug, and duct formation in breasts?

A

estrogen

61
Q

_______ maintains pregnancy, causes smooth muscle relaxation, and is responsible for lobule development of breasts.

A

Progesterone

62
Q

In preparation for childbirth, the hormone ______ relaxes the ligaments in the pelvis and softens and widens the cervix.

A

relaxin

63
Q

Does cardiac output increase or decrease during pregnancy?

A

increase

64
Q

Does heart rate increase or decrease during pregnancy?

A

increase

65
Q

Does blood volume increase or decrease during pregnancy?

A

increase

66
Q

In pregnancy, there is a ______ resistance in vessels.

A

decreased

67
Q

Supine hypotension is an issue that can occur in pregnancy. What causes it?

A

This is caused when the uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when a pregnant woman is in a supine position, leading to decreased venous return centrally.

68
Q

During pregnancy, oxygen consumption decreases by 20%. True or false?

A

False. Oxygen consumption increases by 20%

69
Q

Why does lung capacity decrease in pregnancy?

A

The diaphragm, moves upward toward the chest due to the growing fetus in the uterus pushing upwards. This causes a decrease in the amount of air the lungs can handle.

70
Q

Why does hemorrhoids occur during pregnancy?

A
  • Increased blood flow to the pelvic area
  • pressure from the enlarging uterus and growing baby can cause the veins that run through the anus to swell.
  • Hemorrhoids can result from constipation since pregnancy hormones cause the bowels to slow down.
71
Q

Chloasma commonly occurs during pregnancy. What is this?

A

Pigmentation under eyes and on nose

72
Q

What is linea nigra?

A

Midline abdominal pigmentation

73
Q

What is striae gravidarum?

A

The stretch marks that appear on the belly during pregnancy. It is a connective tissue change that is caused by the uterus enlarging within the abdominal cavity.

74
Q

Why does carpal tunnel syndrome occur in pregnancy?

A

When you are pregnant, your hormone levels trigger fluid retention, which can cause swelling. This swelling can, in turn, push against the median nerve in the carpal tunnel - increasing pressure in the carpal tunnel and sometimes causing pain in your wrist and hand.

75
Q

What is sciatica?

A

Sciatica refers to pain that travels along the path of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve travels from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg.

76
Q

Why does sciatica commonly occur in pregnancy?

A

When you’re pregnant, the body releases a hormone called relaxin. It’s designed to relax your ligaments and prepare your pelvis for childbirth. However, loose ligaments and a growing uterus can shift your center of gravity and pinch the sciatic nerve, leading to shooting pains down your legs.

77
Q

Why does the glomerular filtration rate increase during pregnancy?

A

Because there is an increase in cardiac output

78
Q

Why does glycosuria occur in pregnancy?

A

Glycosuria is common during pregnancy because of the lowering of the renal threshold for glucose excretion. The increase in the glomerular filtration rate delivers an overwhelming glucose load to the renal tubules. Reabsorption, which is normally complete, is thus compromised.

79
Q

Why is the pregnant woman at risk for proteinuria

A

In pregnancy, there is increased blood volume, which taxes the kidneys more than normal and could impair their ability to reabsorb protein

80
Q

With the pregnant women being hyper coagulable, what is she at risk for?

A

DVT and PE

81
Q

danger signs in pregnancy

A
  • sudden gush of fluid from vagina
  • vaginal bleeding
  • abdominal pain
  • dizziness, blurry vision
  • persistent nausea and vomiting
  • severe headache
    -edema of hands or face
  • seizures or convulsions
  • epigastric pain
  • dysuria
  • absent or decreased fetal movement

NURS3112 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions