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NURS3112 > M8,11,12: Mood, Breast & Pelvic Health, Loss > Flashcards

M8,11,12: Mood, Breast & Pelvic Health, Loss Flashcards

1
Q

What is postpartum depression?

A

Clinical depression

Categorized by DSM-5 as major depressive disorder with peripartum onset

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2
Q

What are screening tools for PPD?

A

Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS)

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): score of above 12 = PPD

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3
Q

What is the treatment for PPD?

A

individual or group psychotherapy, antidepressants, or a combination of both

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4
Q

Risk factors for PPD

A
  • History of major depression
  • Depression during pregnancy
  • History of postpartum depression or bipolar illness (recurrence rates are ≥ 20%)
  • Stressful life events
  • Primiparity
  • Ambivalence about maintaining the pregnancy
  • Occurrence of postpartum blues
  • Lack of social support
  • Lack of a stable and supportive relationship with parents (especially her father, as a child) or partner
  • The woman’s dissatisfaction with herself, including body image problems and eating disorders
  • Complications of delivery
  • Loss of newborn
  • Age (adolescence increases risk).
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5
Q

what are signs of depression?

A

anxiety, irritability, poor concentration, forgetfulness, sleeping difficulties, appetite change, fatigue, and tearfulness

listen for statements indicating feelings of failure and self-accusation

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6
Q

what is postpartum psychosis?

A

postpartum mood episodes with psychotic features

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7
Q

Is postpartum psychosis emergent?

A

yes, due to risk of infanticide or suicide

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8
Q

What is the treatment for postpartum psychosis?

A

directed at the specific type of psychotic symptoms displayed

may include lithium, antipsychotics, or electroconvulsive therapy in combination with psychotherapy, removal of the baby, and social support

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9
Q

What are symptoms of postpartum psychosis?

A
  • Sleep disturbances—the woman is unable to sleep, even when her baby is sleeping
  • Depersonalization—seemingly unaware of or distant from the immediate environment and individuals within it
  • Confusion; irrational or disorganized thinking; bizarre behaviors
  • Hallucinations; delusions
  • Psychomotor disturbances—stupor or agitated state sometimes accompanied by rapid and incoherent speech.
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10
Q

What are the risk factors for postpartum psychosis?

A
  • previous postpartum psychosis
  • history of bipolar disorder
  • Family history of postpartum psychosis and bipolar disorder have also been found to increase the risk
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11
Q

What is swansons caring theory?

A

outlines five caring processes: knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief

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12
Q

Which process of caring theory: attempting to understand the event as it has meaning in the life of the parents

A

knowing

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13
Q

Which process of caring theory: nurse’s ability to reach beyond professionalism and give of herself or himself as a human being

A

being with

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14
Q

Which process of caring theory: means that nurse does for the parents as she or he would have things done for her or him in the same situation

A

Doing for

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15
Q

Which process of caring theory: facilitation of the parents’ passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events

A

enabling

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16
Q

which process of caring theory: believing in the parents’ capacity to get through the event and face a future with meaning.

A

maintaining belief

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17
Q

What does RESPONDING model stand for?

A

-Recognition and validation of the loss

-Emotional availability

-Spiritual and cultural accommodation

-Physical presence

-Open communication

-Normalization of grief reactions

-Decision-making assistance

-Interprofessional involvement

-Nonjudgmental attitude

  • Genuine caring
18
Q

How can you actualize loss?

A

offer as many quality mementos as possible, such as pictures and hand- or footprint molds and cards

19
Q

What should you do if patient denies remembrance box?

A

common for the hospital to retain these items for a specific period of time in case they change their minds

20
Q

What are the development tasks of pregnancy: reva rubin

A
  • Seeking safe passage through pregnancy labor and birth
  • Seeking of Acceptance of child from others
  • binding in
    -Learning to give oneself on behalf of one’s child
21
Q

Describe Reva Rubin stage: Seeking safe passage through pregnancy labor and birth

A
  • Feels concern for her unborn child and herself
  • Seek care, knowledge, observation, discussion
  • Self-care activities: diet, exercise, alcohol
22
Q

Describe Reva Rubin stage: Seeking of Acceptance of child from others

A
  • Alters in womans primary support group, family, and other groups
  • Partner is most important figure: influence completion of maternal tasks and formation of maternal identity
23
Q

Which stage of reva rubin is this:
- Quickening (perceived fetal movements): child becomes real
- Develop bonds of attachment
- seeking of commitment & acceptance of self as mother to child

A

Binding in

24
Q

Describe Reva rubin: Learning to give oneself on behalf of one’s child

A
  • Develop capacity for self-denial and learns to delay immediate personal gratification to meet need of another
  • Baby showers and baby gifts are acts of giving that help mother’s self-esteem
    Also helps acknowledge separateness and needs of coming baby
25
Q

What are the breast screening techniques?

A
  • Clinical Breast Examination
  • self breast examination
  • mammography
26
Q

How often should you get a clinical breast examination?

A

ages 20-29: every 3 years

ages 40-49: every 1-2 years

27
Q

What is a mammography?

A

Soft tissue X-ray

can detect lesions in the breast before they can be felt

28
Q

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

A
  • Increasing age
  • Early menarche
  • History of previous breast, uterus, or ovaries
  • Inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2
  • History of first degree relative with breast Ca (mom, sister, daughter)
  • Post menopausal prolonged use of estrogen & progesterone hormone therapy
  • Obese, overweight, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity
  • High dose radiation to chest
  • No history of pregnancy or first pregnancy after age 30
  • Never breastfeeding a child
29
Q

What are findings that indicate higher risk of breast cancer?

A

dimpling of the breast tissue
recent or acute nipple inversion
change in breast size or shape
increase of size in breast mass
skin erosion or ulceration
presence of an axillary lump

30
Q

What is a Pap smear for?

A

screens for cellular abnormalities(cervical cancer)

31
Q

What is an abnormal result for pap smear?

A

may involve tissues of the vulva, vagina, or cervix; abnormal uterine bleeding; or ovarian or uterine masses

32
Q

What is HPV?

A

Condyloma acuminata: genital warts (HPV)

Organism: human papillomavirus (HPV)

33
Q

How does HPV spread?

A
  • any skin-to-skin contact of the genital area
  • vaginal, anal or oral sex
  • sharing sex toys
34
Q

What are the symptoms of HPV?

A

multiple, flat topped, fingerlike projections

35
Q

What is linked with HPV? (cancer)

A

cervical and anorectal cancers

36
Q

How do you diagnose HPV?

A

pap test

37
Q

Can a woman receive an HPV vaccination?

A

No

38
Q

What is the risk of having HPV during pregnancy/birth?

A

obstruct the birth canal

39
Q

Will the sex partners be infected with HPV?

A

Sex partners are probably infected but do not require treatment unless large lesions are present

40
Q

How often should you do a Pap smear?

A

Doctors generally recommend repeating Pap testing every three years for women ages 21 to 65.

Women age 30 and older can consider Pap testing every five years if the procedure is combined with testing for HPV

NURS3112 (10 decks)

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