Pregnancy Flashcards
1
Q
this means “a woman who has been, or currently pregnant”
A
gravida
2
Q
this means “a woman who has given birth”
A
para
3
Q
nulligravida
A
never been pregnant
4
Q
primigravida
A
pregnant for the first time
5
Q
primipara
A
delivered once
6
Q
multipara
A
delivered more than once
7
Q
gravida
A
number of times a woman has been pregnant
8
Q
number of viable births past 20 weeks. In some regions it may be _____ weeks
A
para; greater than 24 weeks
9
Q
state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body from conception to birth
A
pregnancy
10
Q
duration of pregnancy (3)
A
- usually 40 weeks
- 280 days/ 10 lunar months
- 9 months and 7 days starting from LMP
11
Q
first trimester
A
first 12 weeks
12
Q
second trimester
A
13-28 weeks
13
Q
third trimester
A
29-40 weeks
14
Q
1st trimester presumptive signs or subjective symptoms (6)
A
- amenorrhea
- morning sickness
- frequency of micturition/urination
- breast discomfort
- fatigue
- fainting
15
Q
absence of menstruation
A
amenorrhea
16
Q
it is present in about 50% cases, mostly during the first pregnancy
A
morning sickness
17
Q
when do nausea and vomiting begin? end/disappear?
A
begin at 6 weeks
end or disappear at about 14 weeks
18
Q
what causes nausea and vomiting
A
high level of pregnancy hormones
19
Q
why does frequent urination happen?
A
resting of bulky uterus on the fundus of the bladder because of the anteverted position of the uterus
20
Q
frequency of micturition is present during ____ weeks and subside after ____ weeks
A
present during 8-12 weeks
subsides after 12 weeks
21
Q
what is felt in breast discomfort (6)
A
- tenderness
- tingling
- fullness
- increase in size
- pigmentation of areola
- pricking sensation
22
Q
when is breast discomfort present
A
6th week
23
Q
frequent in early pregnancy and subside around 12-14 weeks of pregnancy, bringing renewed energy
A
fatigue
24
Q
first trimester probable signs or objective signs (7)
A
- breast changes
- CV changes
- respiratory changes
- integumentary changes
- musculoskeletal changes
- abdomen and uterine changes
- pelvic changes
25
these are valuable only in primipara, compared to multipara
breast changes
26
breast changes are evident between _____ weeks
6-8
27
what happens in breast changes (4)
1. enlargement of breasts due to vascular engorgement
2. darker areola and nipples
3. Montgomery tubercles are prominent
4. thick yellow secretion (colostrum) at 12th week
28
pelvic changes (3)
Jacquemier's sign or Chadwick's sign
vaginal signs
cervical signs
29
Jacquemier's sign or Chadwick's sign
dusky hue or purple discoloration of vestibule and anterior vaginal walls due to local vascular congestion
30
Chadwick's sign is visible at ____ week
8th
31
Osiander's sign
vaginal pulsations felt through the lateral fornices
32
Osiander's sign is present at ____ week
8th
33
Goodell's sign
ripening or softening of cervix
34
at what week is Goodell's sign present
6th
35
pregnant cervix
feels like lips of mouth
36
nonpregnant (cervix)
feels like tip of nose
37
uterus size at 6th week
hen's egg
38
uterus size at 8th week
cricket ball
39
uterus size at 12th week
fetal head
40
shape changes of uterus
pyriform shape of uterus becomes globular at 12th week
41
what causes asymmetrical enlargement of uterus
lateral implantation
42
changes is uterus consistency
one half is more firm than the other half. as pregnancy advances, symmetry is restored. uterus feels soft and elastic
43
Hegar's sign(2)
softening and compressibility of lower segment of uterus at 6-10 weeks
present in 2/3 of cases
44
Palmer's sign
regular rhythmic uterine contractions at 4-8 weeks
45
2 positive signs tests common to all three trimester
1. Immunological test
| 2. Ultrasonography
46
2 tests under Immunological Test and their sub tests
1. Urine pregnancy test: Agglutination test, Dip Stick Test, Enzyme linked monoclonal antibody test
2. Serum pregnancy test: Fluoro-immunoassay, Immuno-radiometric assay, ELISA, radioimmunoassay
47
second trimester subjective symptoms (5)
1. amenorrhea
2. enlargement of lower abdomen
3. decreased morning sickness
4. decreased urinary symptoms
5. quickening
48
second trimester objective signs (3)
1. skin changes (chloasma)
2. vaginal changes
3. abdominal signs
49
abdominal signs:skin (3)
1. chloasma gravidum
2. linea nigra
3. striae gravidum
50
abdominal signs: palpation (5)
1. fundal height
2. shape and consistency of the uterus
3. palpation of fetal parts
4. Braxton-Hicks contractions
5. active fetal movement
51
abdominal signs: auscultation (3)
1. fetal heart sound
2. uterine souffle
3. fetal souffle
52
most conclusive clinical sign of pregnancy
fetal heart sound
53
normal FHS
110-160 bpm
54
FHS can be detected between _____ weeks by ______
18-20 weeks by a stethoscope
55
it is soft blowing and systolic murmur heard low down at the side of the uterus, best on left side
uterine souffle
56
this is due to the rush of blood through umbilical arteries
fetal souffle or funic
57
this sound is synchronized with maternal pulse and is due to increase in blood flow through dilated uterine vessels
uterine souffle
58
soft blowing murmur synchronized with FHS
fetal souffle or funic
59
3rd trimester subjective symptoms (6)
1. amenorrhea
2. progressive enlargement of the abdomen
3. palpitations and dyspnea followed by exertion
4. lightening
5. frequency of micturition reappears
6. fetal movement is more pronounced
60
3rd trimester objective symptoms (7)
1. palpation of fetal parts
2. fetal movements
3. FHS
4. occasional funic souffle
5. cutaneous changes (increased pigmentation and striae)
6. uterine shape: cylindrical to spherical by 36th week
7. fundal height is divided into 3 equal parts
61
distance between umbilicus and ensiform cartilage
fundal height
62
fundal height at 32 weeks
junction of upper and middle third of ensiform cartilage
63
fundal height at 36th week
up to the level of ensiform cartilage
64
fundal height at 40th week
down to the 32nd week due to engagement of presenting part
65
means speculation or unconfirmed pregnancy
presumptive
66
signs observed by nurses and doctors
probable
67
these signs do not mean 100% that a baby is growing inside the uterus
probable
68
subjective signs
presumptive
69
conclusive, definite, absolute signs
positive
70
what are the presumptive signs
```
Period absent
Really tired
Enlarged breast
Sore breasts
Urination increase
Movement of fetus/quickening
Emesis and nausea
```
71
quickening can occur at ____ weeks for 2nd time moms and ____ weeks for 1st time moms
16 weeks ; 20 weeks
72
bouncing back of the fetus against the fingers when the uterus is pushed during palpation
external ballottement
73
probable signs of pregnancy
```
Positive pregnancy test
Returning of fetus/external ballottement
Outline of fetus is palpated
Braxton-Hicks contractions
A softening of the cervix/Goodell's sign
Bluish color of vagina due to increased blood flow (Chadwick's sign)
```
Lower uterine segment becomes soft (Hegar's sign)
Enlarged uterus
74
positive signs of pregnancy
Fetal movements felt by drs and rn
Electronic devices (doppler) can detect FHS
The delivery of the baby
Ultrasound detects fetus
Sees visible fetal movements by the drs and rn
