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MCN RLE > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

process of physical maturation

A

growth

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2
Q

growth occurs by ____

A

multiplication of cells and increase in intracellular substance

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3
Q

quantitative changes of the body

A

growth

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4
Q

most common growth parameters

A

ht and wt

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5
Q

process of physiological maturation

A

development

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6
Q

development is the progressive increase in ______ and ______

A

skills and capacity to function

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7
Q

development is related to ______

A

maturation and myelination of the nervous system

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8
Q

what does development include? 3

A

physiological, social, emotional changes

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9
Q

it refers to the qualitative changes

A

development

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10
Q

assessed using measuring tools like measuring tape etc.

A

growth

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11
Q

assessed using screening tools/tests like GD Checklist or DDST

A

development

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12
Q

this principle states that improvement in structure and function come first in the head region, then in the trunk, and last In the leg region

A

cephalocaudal direction

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13
Q

this principle is focused on the achievement of motor skills

A

Proximodistal direction

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14
Q

process of changes from the center of the body to the extremities

A

Proximodistal direction

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15
Q

in proximodistal direction, development proceeds from ______ to ______

A

near to far

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16
Q

what do children use to reason and solve problems

A

cognitive and language skills

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17
Q

this principle suggests that children at first are able to hold the big things by using both arms, the next is by one hand until they can pick small objects

A

general to specific

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18
Q

talks about gross skills

A

general to specific

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19
Q

what are the genetic factors in G&D

A

genetics are great factors, sex, race and nationality

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20
Q

prenatal factors:

various conditions affect the fetus in the utero

A

intrauterine environment

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21
Q

prenatal factors:

Woman’s body generates barriers to protect the baby like amniotic fluid, placental barrier

A

maternal malnutrition

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22
Q

prenatal factors:

German measles can bring complications on the unborn child (usually during organogenesis - formation of baby’s organs)

A

maternal infection

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23
Q

prenatal factors:

caffeine, alcohol, smoking

A

maternal substance abuse

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24
Q

prenatal factors:

Intrauterine growth restriction

A

maternal substance abuse//maternal malnutrition

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25
Q 
prenatal factors:
gestational diabetes ( can stop after pregnancy) - can progress after delivery to diabetes type 2
A

maternal illness

26
Q

if GDM is not managed after delivery, the baby can suffer from ______ 2

A

meconium aspiration, or worse, asphyxia

27
Q

gestational diabetes if not managed can make the baby ____

A

macro

28
Q

blood sugar of the baby should be managed after birth to prevent ______

A

fatal hypoglycemia

29
Q

prenatal factors:

this includes stress, tiredness, etc.

A

miscellaneous

30
Q

prenatal factors:

PCOS

A

hormones

31
Q 
postnatal factors (12)
GNCPPCSCPBIH
A
  1. growth potential
  2. nutrition
  3. childhood illness
  4. physical environment
  5. psychological environment
  6. cultural influence
  7. socio-economic status
  8. climate and season
  9. play and exercise
  10. birth order of the child
  11. intelligence
  12. hormonal influence
32
Q

most common method used in the assessment of growth

A

anthropometry

33
Q

anthropometry inlcudes

A

ht, wt, head circum., midarm circum., chest circum.

34
Q

refers to the total of all organ, tissue and fluids

A

weight

35
Q

Birth weight doubles at ______ and triples at ______

A

6 months; 1 year

36
Q

For breastfed babies, at least __ decrease in birth weight at 1-2 weeks after birth is normal. Why?

A

10%
it is because the volume is not quantified compared to those who take formula

another factor is how the mother breastfeed

37
Q

breastfeeding should be ______and not interval

A

per demand

38
Q

an estimate of the brain growth

A

head circum

39
Q

how to measure head circumference

A

wrap measuring tape on the occipital protuberance to the supraorbital ridges on the forehead; by ordinal tap

40
Q

head circumference is most useful in ____

A

2 years life

41
Q

if head circumference increase more than 1 cm in two weeks during the first 3 months, this should be suspected

A

hydrocephalus

42
Q

chest circumference is clinically important in the ___ year of life

A

5th

43
Q

HC and CC comparison

A

at birth: HC is greater than CC
after a year: HC=CC
later: CC is greater than HC

44
Q

how to measure chest circumference

A

wrap measuring tape around nipples between inspiration and expiration by cross-tape method

45
Q

head and chest circumference at birth

A

head is 33-35 cm

chest is 30-33 cm

46
Q

helps to assess the nutritional status of children

A

MUAC

47
Q

average MUAC at birth

A

11-12 cm

48
Q

average MUAC at one year

A

12-16 cm

49
Q

average MUAC at 1-5 years

A

16-17 cm

50
Q

average MUAC at 12 years

A

17-18 cm

51
Q

average MUAC at 15 years

A

20-21 cm

52
Q

this progress in an orderly sequence to ultimate attainment of locomotion and more complex motor tasks thereafter

A

gross motor development

53
Q

promotes adaptive actives with fine sensorimotor adjustments and include eye coordination, hand-eye coordination, hand to mouth coordination, hand skills as finger thumb apposition, grasping, dressing

A

fine motor skill development

54
Q

includes personal reaction to his own social and cultural situations with neuromotor maturity and environment stimulation

A

personal and social development

55
Q

related to interpersonal and social skills such as social smile, recognition of mother, use of toys

A

personal and social development

56
Q

refers to a stimulated smile

A

social smile

57
Q

who developed the Denver Development Screening Test

A

Franken-Burg and Dodds (1967)

58
Q

what is DDST

A

economic simple test; screens for developmental delay during infancy and preschool period

59
Q

Checks milestones achievement of child in all domains, but does not assess IQ

A

DDST

60
Q

age division in DDST

A

monthly unit 2 years of age, and half yearly from 2-6 years old

MCN RLE (3 decks)

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