Pregnancy Flashcards
how long until full term?
37 weeks
what are the three phases of embryonic development
germinal (fertilization to 2 weeks)
embryonic (2-8wks)
fetal (8wks-birth)
what are common symptoms of the first trimester
N/V, fatigue, backaches, mood swings, stress
what are common symptoms of the second trimester
pain in abdomen and groin, backache, tingling in hands and feet, SOB
what are common symptoms of the third trimester
SOB, frequent urination, heartburn, swelling, trouble sleeping
what are the weeks associated with the trimesters
0-13
14-27
28-37-40
many of the physiologic and morphologic changes of pregnancy persist _______ after postpartum
4-6 weeks
what are the FITT recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2015)
- moderate intensity at RPE 13-14
- 20-30 min per day
- most/every day of the week
aerobic and strength training how many days per week and beginning when for pregnant patients
3-4 d/w starting late first trimester or second trimester
T/F: high intensity exercise is associated with increased risk of preterm birth and/or low birth weight
false
what are three things to avoid in exercise guidelines for pregnant patients
- avoid single leg weight bearing as it may shift the pubic symphysis or SIJ
- avoid supine and prone
- avoid valsalva as it may increase pressure on the uterus and pelvic floor
what is a simple recommendation that pregnant patients should add to their exercise routine
engage the pelvic floor during exercise
what is diastasis recti and how does it impact treatment after pregnancy
separation of the RA in the midline at the linea alba due primarily to hormonal changes
can result in lack of support for trunk and L spine
what are the three common pelvic floor laxity dysfunctions
cystocele, rectocele, and uterine laxity
what is supine hypotension syndrome
increased pressure on IVC in supine from enlarged uterus/fetus leading to lightheadedness and dizziness while in supine and relieved with L sidelying
what two things must occur anatomically for the patient to be “ready” to give birth
10cm dilation and 100% effacement
what is the difference between Braxton-Hicks contractions and uterine contractions
BHC
- less severe (can talk through the pain)
- irregular or irrhythmic
- brought on by exercise likely
- relieved with rest and drinking cool water
how long do uterine contractions last
30-70 seconds
what five conditions are commonly associated with premature membrane rupture
- breech
- multiple gestation
- amniotic fluid infection
- intrapartum fetal distress
- preceding preterm birth
what is incompetent cervix
painless cervical dilation in the 2nd or early 3rd trimester with prolapse into the vagina
what is placenta previa
placenta low/near the cervix - if it separates from the uterus during labor it can cause bleeding, shock, and death to the mother or prematurity or death to the fetus
what are the consequences of maternal hypertensive disorders
deterioration of organ and system function
what are the consequences of fetal hypertensive disorders
reduced utero-placental perfusion
what are the four types of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
gestational HTN, preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic HTN
what is gestational HTN
BP >140/90 for first time during pregnancy, no proteinuria, and BP returns to normal <12 weeks postpartum
what defines preeclampsia
BP 140/90 after 20 wks gestation, proteinuria, ^serum creatinine, low platelets, ^liver enzymes
what are symptoms of preeclampsia (5)
persistent HA visual disturbances swelling in hands, ankles, legs R side pain under ribs severe heartburn
what is eclampsia
seizures, medical emergency, requires immediate delivery
multiple gestation results in a higher risk of what
premature onset of labor and birth
when does gestational DM usually begin
20-24 weeks
what is a simple correction that can be made to patients who wish to lay supine if we want to avoid supine hypotension syndrome
pillow under the right hip to tilt the fetus off the IVC
what are three considerations for AROM instruction in pregnant patients
- one limb at a time
- avoid extremes of motion or stretching
- no active abs - no leg lifts/sit ups
exhaustive list of the roles of the PT s/p NVD (8)
- posture
- PFM strength
- diastasis recti correction
- ab strength
- aerobic and functional strength
- pain mgmt
- post-epidural complications
- screen for postpartum anxiety and depression
post operative care of the cesarean patient should include all of the same considerations from NVD and what else (3)
- breathing/coughing instruction
- pain mgmt
- early mobilization and muscle pumping
the APTA recommends ____ weeks of “fourth trimester” care
12
