Pregnacy 2

Question 1

How to make a three-parent embryo

Answer 1

1. Mother/patient DNA
2. Donor mtDNA/egg
3. Father DNA

Question 2

Window of uterine receptivity

Answer 2

Prereceptive: uterus unresponsive to blastocyst
Receptive: ovarian P4 priming followed by E
Nonreceptive: high E

Question 3

Bruce effect

Answer 3

Exposure of early early pregnant mice to a novel male induce implantation failure
-80% pregnancy loss in prince of dom male

Question 4

Theories of Bruce effect

Answer 4

1. Urinary pheromones produced by male detected by female VMN
2. Estrogen in male urine are absorbed by the female VMN organ

INCREASES E2

Question 5

uterine development provides: (placenta)

Answer 5

adequate nutrition

Protection from no iron mental and predatory danger

Question 6

Oviparous

Answer 6

Egg laying

Question 7

Eutherian mammal

Answer 7

Subdivision of mammals with a placenta

Question 8

Which orders of mammals DO NOT have a placenta

Answer 8

Monotremes: egg laying mammals-platypus
Marsupial: kangaroos/koalas give birth to live young; nourishment from a yolk sac; no placenta

Question 9

Eutherian Placenta

Answer 9

-Transient endocrine organ
-interface for metabolic exchange between the conceptus and the dam
ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATIONS:
-Chorionic villi distribution
-layers separating fetal/maternal blood upplies

Question 10

What are chorionic villi?

Answer 10

• Finger like projections from surface of the chorion
• interact with uterine endometrium
• distribution of illi can be used to classify the type of placenta

Question 11

Placenta types: DIFFUSE

Answer 11

-Uniform distribution
-Over entire surface of chorion
SOW/MARE

Question 12

Placenta types: COTYLEDONARY

Answer 12

CATTLE- convexSHEEP/GOAT-concave
-numerous ‘buttons’
-placental unit of trophoblastic origin
Fetal=cotyledon
Maternal= caruncle

Question 13

Placentome

Answer 13

Point of interface

Question 14

Placenta types: ZONARY

Answer 14

CATS/DOGS

• band like center zone;band around chorion near middle of conceptus
• bordered by pigmented ring of small hematomas

Question 15

Placenta types: DISCOID

Answer 15

PRIMATES/RODENTS

• one or more regional disks
• contain chorionic villi

Question 16

Placental classifications

Answer 16

Described by the number of layers of placenta separating maternal blood from fetal blood
PREFIX= maternal side (endometrial)
SUFFIX= fetal side (chorionic)
EPITHELIUM/INTERTITUM/CAPILLARIES

Question 17

EPITHELIOCHORIAL PLACENTA

Answer 17

MARES/SOW
3+3
-least efficient
-lack of intimate relationship offset by large surface area of diffuse placenta

Question 18

Syndesmochorial Placenta

Answer 18

RUMINANTS/COW
Maternal:2; capillary/interstitum
Fetal:3

Question 19

BINUCLEATE GIANT CELLS

RUMINANT

Answer 19

• originate from fetal trophoblasts
• migrate/invade maternal endometrial epithelium

SECRETE: placental lactogen/steroids/pregnancy specific protein B

Question 20

Endotheliochorial placenta

Answer 20

CATS/DOGS
Maternal:1; capillary
Fetal:3

Question 21

Hemochorial placenta

Answer 21

PRIMATES/RABBITS/RATS/MICE
Maternal: 0
Fetal: 3; direct contact with maternal blood

Question 22

Placental exchange

Answer 22

Simple diffusion: water/blood/gases
Active transport: sodium/potassium/calcium
Facilitated diffusion: glucose/amino acids

Question 23

Human placental exchange

Answer 23

Steroids/h2o soluble vitamins/minerals/alc/drugs/bacteria/viruses/lead/mercury/immunoglibins

Question 24

Endocrine functions placenta:

luteotrophic chorionic gonadrotropins

Answer 24

Stimulate ovarian function

Question 25

Endocrine functions placenta:

P4/E

Answer 25

Maintain pregnancy

Question 26

Endocrine functions placenta:

Promote fetal growth/stimulate mammary development

Answer 26

Placenta lactogens

Question 27

RhoGAM

Answer 27

Rh-negative moms carrying Rh positive fetus

-blocks maternal recognition of Rh factor and no Rh ABs form.