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Repro > Parturition > Flashcards

Parturition Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes-Type 1

high blood sugar

A

Juvenile/insulin dependent 10%

Pancreas fails to make insulin

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2
Q

Diabetes: Type 2

High blood sugar

A

Adult onset/insulin resistance 90%

Cells don’t respond to insulin

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3
Q

Gestational diabetes: placental defect ‘type 2’

A

Produces hormones that interfere with insulin: E/cortisol/lactogen
High sugar in fetal circulation/high fetal insulin production

DYSTOCIA/HYPOGLYCEMIA

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4
Q

Placenta disorders; increased

A

Placenta penetrates uterine muscle

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5
Q

Placenta disorders: Accreta

A

Placenta Attaches to uterine muscle

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6
Q

Placenta disorders: Percreta

A

Placenta penetrates uterine wall into other organs

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7
Q

Placenta disorders: abruption

A

Placenta separates from the uterus

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8
Q

Placenta disorders: Previa

A

Placenta covers the cervix

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9
Q

How does immune system not reject the fetus?

A
  • embryo implantation silences chemokine genes in decidua
  • no chemokines= activated T cells are not recruited
  • decide protects placenta/embryo
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10
Q

Mechanics of parturition

A
  • myometrial contractions “labor”
  • can be induced with pitocin
  • cervix dilation= low collagen in response to: RLX/E2/PGF2a
  • relaxation of pubis symphysis/RLX/widens birth canal
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11
Q

DYSTOCIA

A

Fetal causes: abnormal presentation/positions/twins
Maternal causes: uterine inertia/cervix probs
-small pelvis/large fetus

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12
Q

Hormones of parturition: P4

A

from CL
-inhibits myometrial contraction
-increases uterine glycogen
HORSES: P4 increases mid gestation

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13
Q

Hormones of parturition: E

A 
From CL/placenta
-oppose P4 actions 
Growth: UT/mammary
Increases: OT/PGF2a
-stimulates uterine contraction
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14
Q

hormones of parturition:RLX

A 
Source: CL: pigs/rats/humans
                UT: guinea pigs
                Placenta: rabbits/dog/humans/horses
1.Relaxes myometrium
2.Dilates cervix
3.Fetal membrane rupture
4. UT growth
5.Mammary growth
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15
Q

hormones of parturition:OT

A 
Source: Hypo secreted by post pituitary 
                CL
-stimulates PGF2a
-UT/MAM smooth muscle contraction
DOES NOT RIPEN/DILATE
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16
Q

hormones of parturition: prostaglandins

A

Source: decidua/placenta

  • Myometrial contractions/induces OT
  • levels in amniotic fluid/maternal plasma rise
  • induce labor ANYTIME
17
Q

Who controls birth?

A

FETUS-hypo/pituitary/adrenal axis necessary for birth

Fetal stress triggers cortisol production=birth

18
Q

Early fetal stress can be from:

A

Low nutrients
Drugs/alc
Hypoxia

19
Q

How does fetal cortisol initiate birth?

A

Conversion of P4 to E2

P4—>17a hydroxyprogesterone—>aromatase—>Es

Repro (4 decks)

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