Preflight - Preflight Action for Flight Flashcards
How can the “PAVE” checklist during preflight help a pilot to assess and mitigate risk?
P.A.V.E. provides pilots with a simple way to remember each category to examine for risk during flight planning
_P_ilot: I.M.S.A.F.E., proficiency, or currency
_A_ircraft: airworthiness, certified for flight, proficiency in aircraft, performance capability
en**V**ironment: weather hazards, type of terrain, airports/runways to be used, conditions
External pressures: meetings, people waiting at the destination, desire to impress, desire to get there, etc.
Explain how the use of a “personal minimums” checklist can help a pilot control risk?
Knowing the difference between what is “safe” and “legal”
Set your personal minimums for each type of aircraft that you fly (SE vs. ME) and remember that your personal minimums will change over time based on recency of experience
If I have flown ILSs all week, I’ll be comfortable going down to minimums (200’) on my next flight
If I haven’t flown an ILS in a month, I’ll be applying personal minimums of 300’ or 400’ AGL
What information must a pilot-in-command be familiar with before a flight?
N.W.K.R.A.F.T.
NOTAMS:
Weather reports and forecasts
Known ATC delays
Runway Lengths (destination and alternate)
Alternative available if planned flight cannot be completed
Fuel requirements
Takeoff and Landing Distances (A/C Performance)
What are the fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions?
Aircraft must carry enough fuel to “complete the flight” to:
The airport of first intended landing
To most distant alternate (if more than one)
Fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
Note: “Complete the flight” means to fly to and land at the desired airport, not just attempt an approach
Before conducting an IFR flight using GPS equipment for navigation, what basic preflight checks should be made?
Verify the GPS is properly installed and certified
Verify databases are not expired
Review GPS and WAAS NOTAMS
Review and verify RAIM availability for non-WAAS receivers
Review ground-based NAVAIDS and related aircraft equipment for the entire route, including alternate(s), in case of GPS malfunction
Determine GPS manual or AFM is onboard and available for use
Explain the function of RAIM.
R.A.I.M. - Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
Self-monitoring function to ensure that adequate GPS signals are being received at all times
The GPS will (should) alerts the pilot of inadequate GPS signals that do not meet the criteria for safe navigation use
If flying a GPS route/approach, verify RAIM availability ON THE GROUND
When is a RAIM check required?
If TSO-C129 (non-WAAS) is used to solely satisfy the RNAV and RNP requirements, RAIM must be confirmed for the entire intended route of flight (route and time) using current GPS information
If TSC-C145/C146 (WAAS-equipped) is used to satisfy the RNAV and RNP requirements, RAIM is not needed as long as WAAS coverage is confirmed for the entire flight
If WAAS is available, use WAAS assuming the aircraft is C145/C146 equipped
If WAAS is not available, verify RAIM capability regardless of the aircraft being C129 or C145/C146
What are several methods a pilot can use to satisfy the predictive RAIM requirement (RAIM check)? In other words, how can a pilot verify that he/she has RAIM availability for the intended route of flight?
Use the Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT) at:
http://sapt.faa.gov/default.php
Contact a FSS (not DUATS) to obtain non-precision approach RAIM
FSS briefers will provide RAIM information for a period of 1 hour before and 1 hour after the ETA (other times can be requested)
Use the receiver’s installed RAIM prediction capability (e.g. G1000’s “compute RAIM” function)
Use a third-party interface, incorporating FAA/Volpe Center RAIM prediction data
