PREFINALS Flashcards
Anything that has potential to cause harm
Hazard
The likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard is realized
Risk
The likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard is not realized
Safety
Principles of industrial hygiene
Anticipation
Recognition
Evaluation
Control
The science and art devoted to the ANTICIPATION, RECOGNITION, EVALUATION, AND CONTROL of those workplace environmental factors
Industrial hygiene
Roles of occupational optometrists
Diagnose visual efficiency
Identify occupational causes of vision and eye problems
Help establish the visual requirements or standard for jobs
Be able to advice on eye protection
Perform visual impairment assessment
Identify potential exposures to hazardous agents before they exist
Anticipation
Examples of hazardous agents
Heat
UV
Visible light
Chemical agents
Biological agents
Blunt objects
Sharp objects
Foreign objects
EVALUATUON
Personal monitoring
Area monitoring
Biological monitoring
Medical surveillance
Reduction of occupational exposure levels
Control
CONTROL
Elimination and substitution
Engineering modifications
Administrative control
Use of PPE
How do you test and correct for insufficient light problems?
Measure the average of illumination throughout the workplace. Compare this to the recommended levels
Look for shadows, especially over work areas and on stairways
Ask workers if they suffer from eye strain or squint to see
To correct insufficient light:
Replace bulbs on a regular schedule.
Clean light fixtures regularly. Dirt on light fixtures reduces the amount of light given off.
Add more light fixtures in appropriate places
How do you correct glare problems?
Using several small low-intensity light fixtures rather than one large high-intensity
Using light fixtures that diffuse or concentrate light well.
Covering bare bulbs with louvers, lenses or other devices to control light
Increasing the brightness of the area around the glare source
Using adjustable local lighting with brightness controls
Positioning light fixtures to reduce reflected light that is directed towards the eyes
Inspects, researches, or analyzes how the particular chemicals or physical hazards at that worksite affect worker health
Industrial hygienist
Hazards in the workplace
Gases/vapors
Liquids
Dusts/fumes/mists
Physical agents
Biologic agents
Given off by a mechanical process
Dust
Formed by vapor condensation through sublimation, distillation, calcination, or chemical reaction
Fumes
Formed by vapor condensation
Mist
Particles resulting from incomplete combustion of carbon material
Smoke
Formed by atomization of a parent liquid
Spray
Are the gaseous states of substances that are normally in the liquid state at room temperature
Vapors
May be nuisance, toxic, or pneumoconiosis-producing dusts
Dusts
Are solids that have been vaporized and subsequently condense
Fumes
A liquid that is dispersed into the air as fine droplets
Mist
Include ionizing and non ionizing radiation, coherent radiation from lasers, noise, heat, cold, and vibration
Physical agents
Include bacteria, insects, mold, viruses and fungi
Biologic agents
Used to mark physical hazards where a worker could strike something, stumble, fall
Yellow
Dangerous machine parts where a worker could be cut, crushed, shocked, or exposed to moving gears
Orange
Radiation hazards
Purple
Traffic markings and housekeeping identification
Black and/or white
Safety and first-aid equipment
Green
To identify the damage that is produced by chemical substances
Toxicology
Major routes of contact for toxic agents:
Inhalation through the lungs
Absorption through the skin
Ingestion through the GIT
Parenteral administration of blood
Health hazard
Carcinogenic
Mutagenicity
Reproductive toxicity
Respiratory sensitizer
Aspiration toxicity
Flame
Flammables
Self-reactives
Emits flammable gas
Organic peroxides
Exclamation mark
Irritant
Skin sensitizer
Narcotic effects
Respiratory tract irritant
Hazardous to ozone layer
Gas cylinder
Gases under pressure
Corrosion
Skin corrosion/burns
Eye damage
Corrosive to metals
Exploding bomb
Explosives
Self-reactives
Organic peroxides
Environment
Aquatic toxicity
Flame over circle
Oxidizers
Skull and crossbones
Acute toxicity
Can help in designing in-house or in-plant studies of workers and their environment
Occupational epidemiologist
Ocular emergencies and urgencies
Development of emergency response
Identify
Training of supervisory personnel
Preparation of posted and stated procedures
Development pf an accident reporting process
