Prefi Flashcards
May be due to problem with oblique muscles
Head tilting
Due to lateral problems (esotropia/exotropia)
Face turning
A false appearance of strabismus
Pseudo/Apparent
the incoordinated dissociation of infancy before BV is developed
Spurious
manifested only in a specific relation to a given condition
Relative or periodic
both eyes down
Catatropic
both eyes up
Anatropic
both eyes turn up and in
Braids
Excylo or Incyclo
Cyclotropic
Management for infantile eso/exo
- Correction of EOR
- Tx of amblyopia if present.
Occlusion therapy on the preferred eye. (Direct occlusion) 2hrs daily. Should be monitored
every 4- 6weeks.
- Surgical ocular alignment
occurs at a later age than infantile
Acquired eso/exo
– associated with the activation of Acc.
– attributed partly to either uncorrected hyperopia and/or high Accommodative Convergence/Accommodat ion (AC/A) ratio.
Accommodative esotropia
– not associated w/ accommodative effort
– correction of hyperopia and/or prescribing near add has minimal or no effect
Non-accommodative esotropia
– caused by a mechanical restriction or tightness or a physical obstruction of the EOM
– can either be congenital or acquired
Mechanical eso/exo
– px sometimes manifests diplopia, suppresion, or ARC
– w/ Tx, may either progress, stay the same, or in some cases, improve
– rarely deteriorates to constant exotropia
Intermittent exotropia
Results from a primary sensory deficit or as a result of surgical intervention
Secondary eso/exo
results from visual deprivation or trauma in one eye.
Sensory eso/exo
– occurs after surgical overcorrection
– may result in amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults
Consecutive eso/exo
– angle of deviation is less than 10PD
– constant and usually unilateral
– frequently results from the Tx of a larger scale deviation.
Microesotropia & microexotropia
Designed primarily for screening preschool children (age 2.5 to 5 yrs) for defects of binocular vision.
TNO Test
Enable the examiner to quickly establish whether stereoscopic vision is present at all.
Plates 1-4
Exact determination of stereoscopic sensitivity
Plates 5-7
Equipments used in TNO test
TNO test plates Red-green glasses
Used for the treatment of convergence insufficiency and other anomalies of binocular vision as well as disrupt suppression of one of the eyes.
Brock string exercise
Equipment for brock string test
White string 10-12ft in length
3 small beads of different colors (red, yellow, green)
Time for Brock string
about 2 to 5 minutes, sometimes longer during the beginning sessions.
Recommended frequency
once or twice or more for 5 or 6 days a week
