Predicting and identifying reactions and products Flashcards
Group 1 patterns
Reactivity , increases going down
Density , increases going down
Melting points , decreases going down
Hardness, decreases going down
Group 1 properties
Solid at room temp
Reactive
Float on water
Group 7 patterns
Melting/boiling points, increase going down
Reactivity ,decreases going down
Density, increases going down
Group 7 properties
Reactive
Typically diatomic
Halogen displacement
More reactive halogen replaces halide
For experiment, use spotting tile well and potassium chloride
Noble gases patterns
(going down group)
melting, boiling point and density increase
Transition metal properties compared to alkali metal
High melting points, strong, hard and dense
Less reactive eg rust (iron) or gold
Transition metal properties
Shiny when cut
Malleable
Good conductors
Strong
Can make multiple ions
Good catalysts
Metal reactions
+ water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen
+ acid = salt + hydrogen
How do you detect CO2
Limewater, turns cloudy
How do you detect chlorine
Damp litmus paper into container, turns red then white
How do you detect hydrogen and oxygen
Splint in container, oxygen will light, hydrogen pop
How do you do a flame test
Wire loop into test powder/solution, place at edge of blue flame and record color.
Li -red
Ca -orange red
So - yellow
Co -blue green
Po -lilac
Metal hydroxide precipitates
iron II - green
iron III - orange
copper II - blue
clacium/zinc - white
How do you detect sulfate ions
Add dilute hydrochloric acid then barium chloride solution, should turn white
How do you detect carbonate ions
Add dilute hydrochloric acid, should bubble
(test with limewater)
How do you detect halide ions
Add dilute nitric acid, the silver nitrate solution
Cl- white
Br- cream
I- Yellow
What are the adv of instrumental methods
Accuracy
Sensitivity
Speed
How do you interpret gas chromatogram
y - axis type of substance
x - axis time taken, retention
How to you interpret mass spectra
Each peak is a fragment
Far right is the molecular ion
