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ENT100 > Predators, parasites, parasitoids > Flashcards

Predators, parasites, parasitoids Flashcards

1
Q

predators in ag and horticultural systems

A

coleoptera (ground beetles and lady beetles), diptera (robber and larval hover flies), neuroptera (lacewings), hemiptera (certain true bugs), and hymenoptera (solitary hunting wasps and ants)

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2
Q

endoparasites are all holo, hemi, or ametabolous?

A

holometabolous

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3
Q

predator

A

kills and consumes a number of prey in life

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4
Q

parasitoid

A

lives at expense of host, who usually dies as result

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5
Q

parasite

A

lives at expense of host but does not kill host

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6
Q

two basic types of predators (movement)

A

sessile and active

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7
Q

predatory specialized adaptations

A

incapacitate to prevent injury and to feed on prey

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8
Q

Mantis

A

sit and wait predators with elongate clamp-like forelegs

elongate coxa keeps prey away from head

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9
Q

predatory katydids

A

all legs elongate, spinose for prey capture/holding

piercing cutting jaws

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10
Q

true bugs

A

piercing sucking mouthparts

venomous saliva to paralyze fast prey

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11
Q

flies

A

active predators
piercing mouthparts
venomous saliva to incapacitate prey

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12
Q

beetles

A

active predators
piercing, crushing jaws
law jaw muscles
speed
no venom

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13
Q

diving beetle larva

A

sit and wait predator
piercing sucking jaws
venomous saliva

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14
Q

wasps

A

active predators
chewing jaws
venomous sting to incapacitate
Capture prey to feed larvae

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15
Q

spider wasps

A

venomous
sting paralyze prey
live meat is better for larvae

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16
Q

Yellowjackets and hornets

A

powerful sting
chewing jaws
feed prey meatball to larvae

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17
Q

ants

A

chewing jaws to cut up prey and feed larvae
powerful sting to kill or incapacitate

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18
Q

ectoparasites

A

egg on outside of host
host resumes normal activity
larva develops tick-like on host
parasitoid eventually consumes host
becomes adult outside of host

19
Q

endoparasites

A

ALL HOMOMETABOLOUS
egg inside host
overcomes host defense
protected inside and pupates
highly specialized

20
Q

Psocodea

A

blood feeding
true lice
true parasites
all life stages ectoparasites
all wingless

21
Q

hemiptera-bedbugs

A

blood feeding
all life stages ectoparasites
true parasites
all wingless

22
Q

hemiptera-kissing bugs

A

blood feeding
primarily american
all life stages ectoparasites
true parsites

23
Q

dermaptera-parasitic earwigs

A

feed on pouched rats and bats
true parasites all life stages

24
Q

coleoptera-beaver anus beetles

A

ectoparasites
true parasites all life

25
Q

neuroptera-spongilla fly

A

larva feed on parasitic freshwater sponges
ectoparasites

26
Q

neuroptera-mantispids

A

larvae are endoparsites of spiders, wasps
true parasitoids

27
Q

lepidoptera-eye moth

A

adult males are ectoparasites
true [arasites
larvae phytophagous
found in SE asia and south america

28
Q

strepsiptera

A

adult females endoparasitic on wasps, bees, ants, mantises
larvae develop in female
males don’t feed
true parasites

29
Q

siphonaptera-cat flea

A

only ADULTS ectoparasitic
true parasites
larvae scavengers
only adults carry tapeworm eggs
deposit on cat
cat licks itself ingesting eggs

30
Q

siphonaptera-tunga or chigoe flea

A

adult female is endoparasitic
males are ectoparasites
larvae free-living

31
Q

diptera-mosquitoes

A

most females are ectoparasites
males nectar feeders
larvae detritovores/filter feeders

32
Q

diptera-sandflies

A

adult females ectoparasites
males nectar feeders
true paraites
larvae detritivores

33
Q

diptera-black flies/buffalo gnats

A

adult females ectoparasites
males nectar feeding
larvae detritivores

34
Q

diptera-noseeums/valley gnats

A

adult females ectoparasites
males nectar feed
larvae detritivores

35
Q

diptera-skin bot flies

A

larvae endoparasitic
true parasites
adults don’t feed

36
Q

diptera-stomach bot flies

A

larva endo
adults don’t feed

37
Q

diptera-nasal bot flies

A

deer and sheep
larva endo
adults don’t feed

38
Q

diptera-horse and deer flies

A

adult females blood feed
males nectar feed
larvae feed on detritus

39
Q

diptera-hippoboscids

A

adults ectoparasites
true parasites
larva develop in female
born ready to pupate

40
Q

smallest parasitoid wasp

A

mymaromatidae-hymenoptera

41
Q

what makes a good vector?

A

-piercing/sucking mouth
-takes in host body fluids
-salivates as it feeds or regurgitates stomach contents

42
Q

what do pathogens need?

A

access to inside of host via saliva or stomach contents
transmission via mouthparts

43
Q

rank of disease vectors

A
  1. flies
  2. kissing bugs
  3. ticks
  4. fleas
  5. lice
  6. mites

ENT100 (12 decks)

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