predator vs prey /arms race Flashcards
what do cheetahs and gazelles evolve to be
faster (catch/escape both lead to more offspring) both bc of cheetah predation
what are red queen evolutionary dynamics
arms race
consequence of reciprocal evolutionary change (co-evolution)
“It takes all the running to stay in the same place”
adaptations for prey searching?
pred: vision, search image improved
prey: crypsis, disruptive pattern etc
adaptations for prey recognition?
pred: learning
prey: warning signals, masquerade
adaptations for capture?
pred: secretive approach, speed, abilities
prey: escape, startle response, deflect attack
adaptations for handling?
prey: subduing skills, detoxification
pred: active defense, toxins, spines, tougness
why cryptic forewings/startling hindwings
provide time for escape
how are polymorphism maintained
reinforced search images make prey easier to detect
what is apostatic prey selection
frequency-dependent selection
rarer morphs more likely to survive
predicted fluctuations in prey type in population over time
maintenance of polymorphic cryptic colours
why is disruptive coloration good
makes the body outline less clear
what is masquerade
resemble inedible objects
cost of distinguishing can make small conspicuous more sought after
what is aposematism
warning colouration
unpalatable/toxic + conspicuous = easier for predators to learn
what evolved first?
müllerian mimicry
repellent, look alike
Convergent evolution within a geographic location
bayesian mimicry
cheating by edible species
trade-offs in prey defense
aposematism vs cost in wood tiger moths
fish spots = more mates but also more predators
