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ARE 5.0 - Construction & Evaluation > Preconstruction Activities > Flashcards

Preconstruction Activities Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 ways a project can be open to bidders? How do you notify bidders for each?

A
  1. open to any contractor / advertisement for bids

2. restricted to a list of pre-qualified contractors / invitation to bid

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2
Q

If you issue an addendum, when must it be transmitted to bidders?

A

at least 4-5 days before receipt of bids

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3
Q

Per AIA A701, when is a bid considered late? What must be done with late bids?

A

A bid is considered late if it is received after the time and date established and it must be returned unopened, even if received before bids have been opened.

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4
Q

What should an architect announce at the bid opening?

What should an architect NOT announce?

A
  • submissions will be evaluated and decision of award will be made within 7-10 days
  • apparent lowest bid
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5
Q

What do Bidding Documents include?

A

Bidding documents: The documents required to bid or negotiate the construction contract, including the bidding requirements, contract forms, contract conditions, specifications, drawings, and addenda.

aka Bidding Requirements & Proposed Contract Documents

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6
Q

What do the Bidding Requirements consist of?

A
  • advertisement or invitation to bid
  • instructions to bidders = AIA 701
  • supplementary instructions to bidders
  • the bid form
  • bid security information (bid bond)
  • performance and labor & material payment bond requirements
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7
Q

What do the Proposed Contract Documents consist of?

A
  • unexecuted O/C Agreement and Exhibits
  • Conditions of the Contract (General, Supplemental, and other)
  • Drawings
  • Specifications
  • Addenda
  • any other documents
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8
Q

Per AIA A701, when should an Architect receive from bidders any requests for clarifications or interpretations of the bidding documents?

A

at least 7 days prior to receipt of bids

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9
Q

Per AIA A701, when should an Architect receive from bidders substitution request?

A

at least 10 days prior to receipt of bids

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10
Q

Per AIA A701, when must all addenda be issued?

A

no later than 4 days prior to receipt of bids

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11
Q

What is the Project Manual? What does it include?

A

The volume usually assembled for the construction work, which may include:

  • Bidding Requirements
  • sample forms
  • conditions of the contract
  • specs
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12
Q

Does this describe CMa or CMc: multiple prime contractors may be used.

A

CMa

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13
Q

Does this describe CMa or CMc: no bidding or negotiation; CM sets & guarantees guaranteed max price or control estimate.

A

CMc

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14
Q

Does this describe CMa or CMc: bidding or negotiation is used to set final price (aka no prices set by CM)

A

CMa

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15
Q

Does this describe CMa or CMc: during construction both A and CM provide CA services.

A

CMa

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16
Q

Does this describe CMa or CMc: only A provides CA services

A

CMc

17
Q

Does this describe CMa or CMc: Architect does NOT provide cost estimating services BUT, if CM’s estimate at end of DD exceeds Owner’s budget and O decides to revise the program, scope, or quality to reduce cost, the Architect must do so without additional compensation

A

both!

18
Q

In IPD, what are the pre-construction phases called?

A
  1. Agency Review: includes standard building code check by AHJ
  2. Buyout: process of selecting suppliers and finalizing price from any remaining subcontractors and vendors not part of IPD process
    - A may be required to answer questions and review prefab studies to ensure integrity of design intent
    - O/C are generally responsible for finalizing other bidding/negotiation efforts
19
Q

What are 3 basic methods of preparing budgets and estimating costs during programming/schematic phases?

A
  1. project comparison method
  2. area method
  3. assembly method / system method
20
Q

What is the Project Comparison Method? When should it be used? How accurate is it?

A

Cost of a project is estimated using costs of past projects of similar scope/function.

  • use EARLY, aka when setting a budget or determining feasibility.
  • typ accurate within 15-25%
21
Q

What is the Area Method? When should it be used? How accurate is it?

A

Average cost per unit of area or volume.

  • use when preliminary design is completed to have a better idea of project size, functional components, and level of quality/complexity
  • typ accurate within 5-15%
22
Q

What is the Assembly Method / System Method? When should it be used? How accurate is it?

A

Historical cost information is applied to each subsystem of the design (foundations, wall finishes, roofing, HVAC, etc), including markups for C’s overhead/profit and other construction admin costs

  • Use during SD, when more is known about space requirements and general configuration
  • Accuracy within 10%
23
Q

What are 3 methods to refine a project budget?

A
  1. Parameter method (sf)
  2. Matrix costing
  3. Unit cost method
24
Q

What is the Parameter Method? When should it be used? By who?

A

Involves expanded itemization of construction quantities and assignment of unit costs to these quantities (ie “floor finishes” → “carpeting, vinyl tile, wood, unfinished concrete, etc”)

  • Use in DD / early CD phases
  • Used most often by Architects to refind the construction budget
25
Q

What is the Matrix Costing method? When should it be used? By who?

A

Matrix shows various alternatives with individual elements that will contribute to final cost. Includes C’s overhead & profit

  • Use in DD
  • Architect
26
Q

What is the Unit Cost Method? When should it be used? By who?

A

Project is broken down into individual building components and labor needed to install them, including material & labor costs, cost of equipment/fees/services, C’s overhead & profit

  • Most accurate, but can only be used when CDs and specs are complete
  • Contractor use when determining bid or negotiated proposal
27
Q

What are 7 variables that determine a Contractor’s bid?

A
  1. Actual cost of subcontractor bids
  2. Cost of contractor’s own labor and materials
  3. Cost of equipment rental
  4. Contractor’s indirect costs
  5. Overhead
  6. Profit
  7. Construction marketplace
28
Q

What is an Alternate? What are 2 types of alternates?

A

A request included in bidding documents asking the contractor to supply a price for some type of variation from the base bid (ie change in material or level of quality, deletion or addition of a component)
- Seldom significantly lower total building cost since they represent a small percentage of large cost items

  1. Add Alternate = adds to base bid amount
  2. Deduct Alternate = deducts from base bid amount
29
Q

What are Unit Prices? When are they used?

A

Set costs for certain portions of work, based on an individual quantity

Used when full extent of portion of work is unknown (ie paving), so a unit cost (ie sf) for that component is requested

30
Q

What are Allowances?

A

A set amount of money estimated by the architect to cover a particular material or equipment when cost cannot be precisely determined at time of bid or negotiated proposal.

  • Stated in specifications
  • Contractor must add to allowance cost of unloading, handling, and installing item, and C’s profit/overhead
  • If actual cost differs from allowance, C’s sum is adjusted by a change order
31
Q

What is Value Engineering (VE) or Value Analysis?

A

An additional service that can be used prior to or after bidding, but is best used earlier in the design process.

32
Q

What are 6 factors that an architect should focus on during bidding that can affect Project Cost, quality, and schedule?

A
  1. marketplace
  2. short bidding period
  3. quality of documents (drawings and specs)
  4. construction methods
  5. short construction period
  6. proposed contract documents
33
Q

Contractor’s overhead and profit typically amount for what percentage of construction cost?

A

15-40%

34
Q

Construction work is divided among the construction trades in accordance with…

A

trade union rules.
the general contractor’s judgment.

NOT
the specifications.
the drawings.

ARE 5.0 - Construction & Evaluation (5 decks)

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