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NUR 220 > Preconception and Conception Care > Flashcards

Preconception and Conception Care Flashcards

1
Q

what days are ovulation

A

10-14

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2
Q

what is luteal pahse

A

all time ovulation and beyond

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3
Q

what is folicular phase

A

time leading up, preapring for fertilization

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4
Q

what is fsh

A

make an egg

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5
Q

what is lh

A

tell us to ovulate

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6
Q

primary amenhorrhea charaterisitcs

A

No menses by age 15
AND no secondary
sex characteristics
* No menses by age 16
AND presence of
secondary sex
characteristics

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7
Q

causes f primary amenhorrhes

A

Lack of GnRH from
hypothalamus no
pituitary stimulation
* Pituitary dysfunction
* No stimulation to ovaries
follicle does not mature
* Congenital anomalies
* 90% unidentified cause
excessive exercise
stress\
extreme wt loss/gain

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8
Q

hpo access

A

malfunctioning hypothalamus….no GnRH production
pituitary…..no LH or FSH production
ovary….No follicle maturation
No Ovulation
No Menses
No stimulation of
secondary sex
characteristics

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9
Q

what is secondary amenhorrhea

A

Occurring in those who
have previously
menstruated

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10
Q

causes of 2ndary amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy or Lactation
* Damage to hypothalamus,
pituitary or ovary
* Birth control
* Hysterectomy
* Disruption in H-P-O axis
* Heavy athletic training
* Rapid weight loss or gain
excessive exercise
stress\
extreme wt loss/gain

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11
Q

what is abnormal uterine bleeding

A

Any deviation from normal menstruation
* Painless bleeding, prolonged,
excessive and irregular
* Absence of underlying structural or
systemic disease
* Can occur at any age
* Most commonly occurs at beginning
and end of reproductive years

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12
Q

treament of abornmal uterine bleeding

A

Treat underlying cause
* Estrogen, progestin, combined oral
contraceptives, Depo, long active
reversible contraceptives
* Iron replacement
* Surgical intervention (D&C, ablation,
hysterectomy)

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13
Q

what is primary dysmenorrhea

A

Pain without underlying pelvic
pathology.
Typically begins 6-12 months
after menarche, coincides with
ovulatory cycles.
Present 12-24 hours before
flow lasting 12-24 hours once
menses begins

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14
Q

what is secondary dysmenhorrhea

A

Pain can be present at any point during
the menstrual cycle

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15
Q

cuases of primary dysmenhorrhea

A

excessive endometrial
production of prostaglandins

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16
Q

cuases of secondary dysmenhorrhea

A

Anatomical factors or pelvic pathology
Endometriosis, pelvic adhesions,
inflammatory disease, fibroids

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17
Q

management of primary dysmenhorrhea

A

Contraceptives, nonpharmacologic,
exercise, heat, NSAIDs, Vitamin B, E

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18
Q

management of secondary dysmenhorrhea

A

dependent on cause

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19
Q

pms

A

Complex, poorly understood
condition
* Cyclic symptoms that occur during
the luteal phase
* Cluster of Symptoms
* Physical
* Psychological
* Behavioral
occurs in luteal phase

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20
Q

what is pmdd

A

Extreme moodiness
* Hopelessness or
Sadness
* Anxiety or Tension
* Marked Irritability or
Anger

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21
Q

what is treatment for pmdd

A

Antidepressants
* Birth control
* Nutritional
supplements
* Herbal remedies
* Diet and lifestyle
changes
CALCIUM

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22
Q

what is ipv

A

intimate partner violence

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23
Q

what is fertilization

A

Transportation of gametes must occur to allow
the oocyte and the sperm to meet
* The product of fertilization is a zygote

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24
Q

outside of cell becomes…

A

placenta

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25
Q

what is monozygotic

A

identical
One zygote nucleus splits into
two identical embryos.
Result of one egg and one sperm

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25
Q

inside of cell becomes….

A

baby

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25
Q

what is dizygotic

A

Two eggs are fertilized by two different
sperm

25
Q

what is embryo

A

Conception through the 8th week

26
Q

what is at 4 weeks

A

heart begins to beat

27
Q

what is 8 weeks

A

all organ systems formed

28
Q

what is 9 weeks

A

officially a fetus

29
Q

what is 13 weeks

A

Sense of
taste, external
genitalia

30
Q

what is 18-20 weeks

A

fetal movement is felt

31
Q

what is 28 weeks

A

lungs are functional not yet mature

32
Q

what is 36 weeks

A

Lanugo
and vernix fading,
Brain growth is
occurring

33
Q

what is 40 weeks

A

full term

34
Q

what is 16 weeks

A

Meconium begins to
form, sucking
motions

35
Q

what is 24 weeks

A

Surfactant
production

36
Q

what is 32 weeks

A

bones fully
developed

37
Q

what is the placenta

A

Metabolic and gas
exchange
* Acts as fetal lungs
* Provides nutrients
* Glucose
* Protection
* Prevents passage of some
medications and pathogens

38
Q

what si the umbilical vein

A

Goes toward the fetus
* Carries oxygenated, nutrient rich blood

39
Q

what are the umbilican arteries

A

Goes away from fetus
* Carries deoxygenated, nutrient depleted blood to
placenta

40
Q

what is maternal side of placenta

A

many lobules

41
Q

what is fetal side of placenta

A

vessles, umbillical cord attachment

42
Q

what is the umbillical cord

A

Formed from the amnion
* 3 Vessels (2 Arteries, 1 Vein)
* Wharton’s Jelly
* Has no sensory or motor innervation
* Appear twisted and spiral
* A true knot - rarely occurs
* A nuchal cord - cord encircles the fetal head

43
Q

what is amniotic fluid

A

Comprised of water, proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, electrolytes, fetal cells, lanugo and vernix
* Cushions the fetus
* Prevents fetus from adhering to membrane
* Allows freedom of movement
* Provides a consistent warm environment
* Helps dilate the cervix once labor begins

44
Q

what is infetility

A

Ages 34 y/o & younger
* Failure to achieve a successful pregnancy
after 12__ months or more of regular
unprotected sex
* Ages 35 y/o & older
* Failure to conceive after 6__ months or
more of unprotected sex

45
Q

early diagnostics infertility

A

Prediction of Ovulation (female)
* Basal Body Temperature
* Ovulation Predictor
* Assess cervical mucous
* Review Medical Issues (both partners)
* Lifestyle (nicotine, substance abuse)
* Bimanual Pelvic Exam
* BMI

46
Q

additional diangostics infetility

A

Postcoital Test/Huhner Test
* Abdominal/Transvaginal Ultrasound
* Endocrine Function
* FSH, LH, estrogen & progesterone
levels
* Glucose tolerance test
* Endometrial biopsy
* Hysterosalpingography
* Hysteroscopy
* Laparoscopy

47
Q

diagnostics mal infertility

A

Semen analysis
* Endocrine Function
* Testosterone, estradiol, LH, & FSH levels
* Ultrasound
* Testicular biopsy
* Sperm Penetration assay
* Laparoscopy
* Postcoital Test
* Urology consult

48
Q

what are ovulations disorders

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic
dysfunction, premature ovarian failure,
hyperprolactinemia
* Treatment: induction of ovulation
* Medication: Clomiphene citrate
* Antiestrogenic
* Binds to hypothalamic estrogen receptors
* Triggers release of FSH and LH
* Concerns: multiple fetuses, ovarian
hyperstimulation

49
Q

features of pcos

A

Ovulatory and menstrual dysfunction
* Amenorrhea secondary to
anovulation
* Hyperandrogenemia
* Elevated levels of androgens
(male hormones)
* Clinical features of hyperandrogenism
* Hirsutism, acne, male pattern
baldness
* Polycystic Ovaries
* Enlarged ovaries with fluid filled
sacs surrounding the egg

50
Q

uterine/cervical ovulation disorder

A

Polyps or tumors (fibroids), endometriosis, uterine
abnormalities (abnormal shape), cervical stenosis,
mucus production

51
Q

what is endometriosis

A

Presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of
the uterus
* Usually on the ovaries and posterior rectovaginal
wall
* Symptoms
* May be asymptomatic
* Pain starting several days before menstruation
(most common)
* Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)

52
Q

fallopian tube ovulation disorder

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STI), prior surgery (abdomen or pelvis)

53
Q

what is pid

A

Inflammation of female reproductive organs
* Related to STI’s
Assessment Findings:
* + CMT (cervical motion tenderness; chandelier
sign)
* Uterine and adnexal (structures closely related to
the uterus such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, and
surrounding connective tissue) tenderness
* Mucopurulent (mucous and pus) vaginal
discharge

54
Q

what is fertility awareness

A

Identifying the fertile time-period and
avoiding intercourse during that time every cycle
* Calendar Method
* Cycle Beads
* Basal Body Temperature
* Cervical Mucus

55
Q

what is coitus interruptus

A

Withdrawal method
* One of the least effective methods – poor data to
determine actual rate of effectiveness

56
Q

what is the sponge

A

wet with water prior to insertion to
activate spermicide
* Must be left in for 6 hours after
intercourse

57
Q

what is cervical cap

A

Must be fitted by provider
* Should be used with spermicide

58
Q

what is a diaohragm

A

Must be left in for 6 hours after
intercourse
* Should be used with spermicide or jelly
* Must be fitted by provider

59
Q

what is progestin only bc

A

Minipill
* Injectable Depo-
Provera (Medroxyprogesteron
e)
decreased risk of dvt

60
Q

what is combined bc

A

Oral Contraceptive Pill
* Patch
* Vaginal Ring
prevent ovulation

61
Q

what is nexplanon

A

Single rod in arm
* Progestin implant
* Effective for 3 years

62
Q

what is iud

A

Copper
* Effective for 10
years
* Hormonal
(levonorgestrel)
* Effective for 3-8
years

63
Q

emergency contraceptive pill

A

interferes with ovulation and
tubal transport of sperm and
ova
Levonorgestrel : 2 tablets
taken 12 hours apart
Most effective when taken
within 24 hours of
intercourse

64
Q

permanent bc methds

A

tubal ligation: interruption of the
patency of the fallopian
tubes
salpingectomy: surgical removal of one
or both fallopian tubes
vasectomy: Small incision into the
scrotum, interrupts the
passage of sperm into
the seminal fluid

NUR 220 (6 decks)

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