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NUR 220 > Preconception and Conception Care > Flashcards

Preconception and Conception Care Flashcards

1
Q

what days are ovulation

A

10-14

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2
Q

what is luteal pahse

A

all time ovulation and beyond

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3
Q

what is folicular phase

A

time leading up, preapring for fertilization

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4
Q

what is fsh

A

make an egg

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5
Q

what is lh

A

tell us to ovulate

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6
Q

primary amenhorrhea charaterisitcs

A

No menses by age 15
AND no secondary
sex characteristics
* No menses by age 16
AND presence of
secondary sex
characteristics

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7
Q

causes f primary amenhorrhes

A

Lack of GnRH from
hypothalamus no
pituitary stimulation
* Pituitary dysfunction
* No stimulation to ovaries
follicle does not mature
* Congenital anomalies
* 90% unidentified cause
excessive exercise
stress\
extreme wt loss/gain

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8
Q

hpo access

A

malfunctioning hypothalamus….no GnRH production
pituitary…..no LH or FSH production
ovary….No follicle maturation
No Ovulation
No Menses
No stimulation of
secondary sex
characteristics

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9
Q

what is secondary amenhorrhea

A

Occurring in those who
have previously
menstruated

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10
Q

causes of 2ndary amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy or Lactation
* Damage to hypothalamus,
pituitary or ovary
* Birth control
* Hysterectomy
* Disruption in H-P-O axis
* Heavy athletic training
* Rapid weight loss or gain
excessive exercise
stress\
extreme wt loss/gain

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11
Q

what is abnormal uterine bleeding

A

Any deviation from normal menstruation
* Painless bleeding, prolonged,
excessive and irregular
* Absence of underlying structural or
systemic disease
* Can occur at any age
* Most commonly occurs at beginning
and end of reproductive years

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12
Q

treament of abornmal uterine bleeding

A

Treat underlying cause
* Estrogen, progestin, combined oral
contraceptives, Depo, long active
reversible contraceptives
* Iron replacement
* Surgical intervention (D&C, ablation,
hysterectomy)

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13
Q

what is primary dysmenorrhea

A

Pain without underlying pelvic
pathology.
Typically begins 6-12 months
after menarche, coincides with
ovulatory cycles.
Present 12-24 hours before
flow lasting 12-24 hours once
menses begins

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14
Q

what is secondary dysmenhorrhea

A

Pain can be present at any point during
the menstrual cycle

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15
Q

cuases of primary dysmenhorrhea

A

excessive endometrial
production of prostaglandins

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16
Q

cuases of secondary dysmenhorrhea

A

Anatomical factors or pelvic pathology
Endometriosis, pelvic adhesions,
inflammatory disease, fibroids

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17
Q

management of primary dysmenhorrhea

A

Contraceptives, nonpharmacologic,
exercise, heat, NSAIDs, Vitamin B, E

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18
Q

management of secondary dysmenhorrhea

A

dependent on cause

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19
Q

pms

A

Complex, poorly understood
condition
* Cyclic symptoms that occur during
the luteal phase
* Cluster of Symptoms
* Physical
* Psychological
* Behavioral
occurs in luteal phase

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20
Q

what is pmdd

A

Extreme moodiness
* Hopelessness or
Sadness
* Anxiety or Tension
* Marked Irritability or
Anger

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21
Q

what is treatment for pmdd

A

Antidepressants
* Birth control
* Nutritional
supplements
* Herbal remedies
* Diet and lifestyle
changes
CALCIUM

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22
Q

what is ipv

A

intimate partner violence

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23
Q

what is fertilization

A

Transportation of gametes must occur to allow
the oocyte and the sperm to meet
* The product of fertilization is a zygote

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24
Q

outside of cell becomes…

A

placenta

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25
what is monozygotic
identical One zygote nucleus splits into two identical embryos. Result of one egg and one sperm
25
inside of cell becomes....
baby
25
what is dizygotic
Two eggs are fertilized by two different sperm
25
what is embryo
Conception through the 8th week
26
what is at 4 weeks
heart begins to beat
27
what is 8 weeks
all organ systems formed
28
what is 9 weeks
officially a fetus
29
what is 13 weeks
Sense of taste, external genitalia
30
what is 18-20 weeks
fetal movement is felt
31
what is 28 weeks
lungs are functional not yet mature
32
what is 36 weeks
Lanugo and vernix fading, Brain growth is occurring
33
what is 40 weeks
full term
34
what is 16 weeks
Meconium begins to form, sucking motions
35
what is 24 weeks
Surfactant production
36
what is 32 weeks
bones fully developed
37
what is the placenta
Metabolic and gas exchange * Acts as fetal lungs * Provides nutrients * Glucose * Protection * Prevents passage of some medications and pathogens
38
what si the umbilical vein
Goes toward the fetus * Carries oxygenated, nutrient rich blood
39
what are the umbilican arteries
Goes away from fetus * Carries deoxygenated, nutrient depleted blood to placenta
40
what is maternal side of placenta
many lobules
41
what is fetal side of placenta
vessles, umbillical cord attachment
42
what is the umbillical cord
Formed from the amnion * 3 Vessels (2 Arteries, 1 Vein) * Wharton’s Jelly * Has no sensory or motor innervation * Appear twisted and spiral * A true knot - rarely occurs * A nuchal cord - cord encircles the fetal head
43
what is amniotic fluid
Comprised of water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, fetal cells, lanugo and vernix * Cushions the fetus * Prevents fetus from adhering to membrane * Allows freedom of movement * Provides a consistent warm environment * Helps dilate the cervix once labor begins
44
what is infetility
Ages 34 y/o & younger * Failure to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12__ months or more of regular unprotected sex * Ages 35 y/o & older * Failure to conceive after 6__ months or more of unprotected sex
45
early diagnostics infertility
Prediction of Ovulation (female) * Basal Body Temperature * Ovulation Predictor * Assess cervical mucous * Review Medical Issues (both partners) * Lifestyle (nicotine, substance abuse) * Bimanual Pelvic Exam * BMI
46
additional diangostics infetility
Postcoital Test/Huhner Test * Abdominal/Transvaginal Ultrasound * Endocrine Function * FSH, LH, estrogen & progesterone levels * Glucose tolerance test * Endometrial biopsy * Hysterosalpingography * Hysteroscopy * Laparoscopy
47
diagnostics mal infertility
Semen analysis * Endocrine Function * Testosterone, estradiol, LH, & FSH levels * Ultrasound * Testicular biopsy * Sperm Penetration assay * Laparoscopy * Postcoital Test * Urology consult
48
what are ovulations disorders
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic dysfunction, premature ovarian failure, hyperprolactinemia * Treatment: induction of ovulation * Medication: Clomiphene citrate * Antiestrogenic * Binds to hypothalamic estrogen receptors * Triggers release of FSH and LH * Concerns: multiple fetuses, ovarian hyperstimulation
49
features of pcos
Ovulatory and menstrual dysfunction * Amenorrhea secondary to anovulation * Hyperandrogenemia * Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) * Clinical features of hyperandrogenism * Hirsutism, acne, male pattern baldness * Polycystic Ovaries * Enlarged ovaries with fluid filled sacs surrounding the egg
50
uterine/cervical ovulation disorder
Polyps or tumors (fibroids), endometriosis, uterine abnormalities (abnormal shape), cervical stenosis, mucus production
51
what is endometriosis
Presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus * Usually on the ovaries and posterior rectovaginal wall * Symptoms * May be asymptomatic * Pain starting several days before menstruation (most common) * Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
52
fallopian tube ovulation disorder
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), prior surgery (abdomen or pelvis)
53
what is pid
Inflammation of female reproductive organs * Related to STI’s Assessment Findings: * + CMT (cervical motion tenderness; chandelier sign) * Uterine and adnexal (structures closely related to the uterus such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding connective tissue) tenderness * Mucopurulent (mucous and pus) vaginal discharge
54
what is fertility awareness
Identifying the fertile time-period and avoiding intercourse during that time every cycle * Calendar Method * Cycle Beads * Basal Body Temperature * Cervical Mucus
55
what is coitus interruptus
Withdrawal method * One of the least effective methods – poor data to determine actual rate of effectiveness
56
what is the sponge
wet with water prior to insertion to activate spermicide * Must be left in for 6 hours after intercourse
57
what is cervical cap
Must be fitted by provider * Should be used with spermicide
58
what is a diaohragm
Must be left in for 6 hours after intercourse * Should be used with spermicide or jelly * Must be fitted by provider
59
what is progestin only bc
Minipill * Injectable Depo- Provera (Medroxyprogesteron e) decreased risk of dvt
60
what is combined bc
Oral Contraceptive Pill * Patch * Vaginal Ring prevent ovulation
61
what is nexplanon
Single rod in arm * Progestin implant * Effective for 3 years
62
what is iud
Copper * Effective for 10 years * Hormonal (levonorgestrel) * Effective for 3-8 years
63
emergency contraceptive pill
interferes with ovulation and tubal transport of sperm and ova Levonorgestrel : 2 tablets taken 12 hours apart Most effective when taken within 24 hours of intercourse
64
permanent bc methds
tubal ligation: interruption of the patency of the fallopian tubes salpingectomy: surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes vasectomy: Small incision into the scrotum, interrupts the passage of sperm into the seminal fluid

NUR 220 (6 decks)

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