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Preclinc > PreClinic Midterm > Flashcards

PreClinic Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Infection control

A

Goal: to create and maintain a safe clinical environment to eliminate the potential for disease transmission from clinician- client, client-clinician, client- client

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2
Q

Chain of infection

A

(1) Infectious agent (fungi/bacteria)
(2) Reservoirs (people/instruments)
(3) Port of exit( secretions: Sylvia/blood, droplets)
(4) Transmission (direct or indirect contact: fomite/vector)
(5) port of entry( mucous membrane)
(6) Susceptible host (elderly/imm. Comp.)

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3
Q

OSHA

A

Ensures safe/healthy workplace for Employees

  • employer must protect employee
  • requires hep. Immunization
  • *does not require barriers**
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4
Q

Universal precautions

A

Infection control approach which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if Infected

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5
Q

Standard precautions

A

Infection control approach to protect DHCP and pt.s from pathogens spread by blood, body fluid,secretion, or excretion regardless of whether they contain blood
we use

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6
Q

CDC

A

Monitor, study and research infection control and Set Guidelines but DO NOT inforce

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7
Q

FDA

A

Regulate products and help them reach market in a timely manner

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8
Q

EPA

A

Protect human health and ENVIRONMENT (waste)

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9
Q

Standard of care

A

Evidence based protocol

Inf. control, gov. Agencies, boards

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10
Q

4 principles of infection control

A

(1) stay healthy- vaccinations, hand hygiene, educ.
(2) Avoid contact w/ blood and other infectious body substances - PPE, safely handle instr.
(3) Make client care items safe for use- cleaning, sterilization, disposal
(4) Limit the spread of blood and other infectious body sub. - barriers, disinfect

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11
Q

Airborne infection

A
  • dust borne organisms
  • Aerosol production (aerosols, spatter, origin)

** Aerosols can be invisible and suspended in air
Spatter is larger and suspends in air for a shorter amount of time

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12
Q

Prevention of transmission

A

(1) pre procedural oral hygiene (brushing, flossing, rinse)
(2) interruption of trans. ( rubber dam, suction)
(3) clean water
(4) protection of clinician
(5) protection of pt. (pt. glasses)

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13
Q

Communicable disease

A

Transmitted by blood, blood products, secretion and saliva.
Incubation period - interval between exposure to I fractious agent and 1st visible signs/symptoms of infection. individual unaware but contagious

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14
Q

Pathogens transmitted by oral cavity

A

TB, viral hep., AIDS, Herpetic lnfections

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15
Q

TB

A
  • caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
  • infects lungs, lymph nodes, meninges, kidneys, bone, skin, oral cavity
  • Mode of trans.: inhalation of droplets containing tubercle bacilli or Aerosols in dental environment
    Incubation period- 12 wks after exposure
    Early symptoms- fever, weight loss, cough
    Later symptoms - night sweats, weakness, persistent cough
    Treatment- anti-tuberculosis med.s (9-12 wks)
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16
Q

Viral Hepatitis

A

Causes inflammation of liver

17
Q

Hep A

A 
oral-fecal route
Incub. 15-50 days
symptoms: flu-like or none 
At risk: childcare prov., international travelers, HCP
Treatment: let it run it's coarse
**Rarely enters carrier state 
Precautions: hand wash, clean water
Vaccines: HAVRIX-formalin-inactivated 
VAQTA- nonformalin- inactivated  both IM admin.
18
Q

Hep B

A

Potentially Fatal blood borne disease
Trans: through contact w/ infected body fluids
Incubation: 45/160 days
Symptoms: fever, malaise, extreme fatigue, rash , jaundice
At risk: HCP, drug users, sharing personal hygiene aids
** 5-10% develop into carrier state , carriers do not show signs/ symptoms but ARE contagious
Precaution: Vaccination (Recombivax HB & Enerix-B) IM admin.

19
Q

Hep C

A

Commonly associated with blood trans.
- does NOT enter carrier state
Incubation: 2-20 wks
Symptoms: chronic liver disease is common, may be non-clinical or same as HBV
Trans: IV drug use, dialysis pt., piercing a and sharing OH aids
Precautions: No Vaccination, strict attention to inf. control

20
Q

Hep D

A 
AKA Delta hep. Causes infection ONLY in the presence of HBV 
Incubation: abrupt onset 
Symptoms: resemble HBV 
Trans: same as HBV
Precautions: HBV vaccination
21
Q

Hep E & G

A

Found in 3rd world countries with contaminated water
Incubation & symptoms: same as HAV
Trans: dirty water, oral-fecal route
Precautions: wash hands , bottle water, No Vaccine

22
Q

Herpes virus

A

8 known Strains- produce diseases with latent, recurrent, and malignant tendencies
relation to periodontal infections*
Incubation: all forms have latency period and lie dormant among Neural Ganglia u till triggered by stimulus
-After exposure: lies dormant in Trigeminal ganglia

23
Q

HSV-1

A

Herpetic gingivostomatitis, Herpetic whitlow, genital herpes, herpes labialis (reactivation more common), ocular/ ophthalmic herpes

24
Q

HSV-2

A

Genital herpes, herpes labialis, ocular/ ophthalmic herpes

25
Q

Varicella-zoster virus

A

Chicken pox- varicella virus
Shingles- zoster infection
- discharged from ruptured vesicles on skin and via resp. Track
After initial exposure: migrates to dorsal root ganglia and sensory ganglia

26
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus

A

Infectious mononucleosis , oral hairy leukoplakia
Found In: saliva
After initial exposure: dormant in throat and B-Lymphocytes

27
Q

HIV

A

HIV- compromised persons immune system
AIDS- last stage of infectious process
Can persist within cells such as macrophages for long periods
Trans: most body fluids, blood, semen , ect.
Oral manifestations: fungal inf., viral inf., bacterial inf.
** dental management ***

28
Q

Hand wash

A

Effective solutions contain: broad- spectrum anti microbial , fast acting, substantivity level, few allergic reactions
Antimicrobial- chlorhexidine glucoate, triclosan, para-chloroxylenol, and iodophors

29
Q

Factors affecting gloves

A

Petroleum- based lotions

Length of time worn

30
Q

Types of disinfectants

A

Chlorines - corrosive to metals, caustic to humans (3min.)
Phenols- compatible w/metals , glass, plastic, rubber (10 min.)
Iodophors - can discolor surfaces (10 min.)
Gluteraldehydes- highly toxic and corrosive to metals (10 hrs.)
Quat-alcohol compounds - may cause surface staining (5-10 min.) * we use

31
Q

Steam under pressure sterilizer

A

Begins at 250- 270 degrees
Process time: 3-30 min.
Adv.: quick, wide variety of materials
Dis.: corrode carbon-steel inst. and dulls cutting edges , unsuitable for rubbers, oils, and powders

32
Q

Dry sterilizer

A

Begins: 320-375 degrees
1 hr.
Adv: oils, powders, greases, and some handpieces that cannot withstand steam under pressure, does not dull cutting edges or corrode metal
Dis: long exposure time, no plastics/ waxes, no liquids

33
Q

Chemical vapor sterilizer

A

Produces vapors of : fermaldehyde, ethanol and acetone, ketone, water and other alcohols.
Begins: 25 lbs.pai at 270 degrees
20 min.
Adv: short exposure time, does not corrode
Dis: ventilation needed

34
Q

Monitor of sterilizer

A

Biological indicator: weekly testing

Preclinc (6 decks)

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