Periodontium and Probe Flashcards
Oral mucosa types (3)
Masticatory
Lining
Specialized
What makes up the periodontium?
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontal structures
What groups of fibers is the PDL made up of?
Gingival fiber groups
Principal fiber groups
Gingival Fiber Groups
Dentogingival (free gingival) fibers Alveologingival (attached gingival) fibers Circumferential (circular) fibers Dentoperiosteal (alveolar crest) fibers Transseptal fibers
Principal Fiber Groups
Apical fibers Oblique fibers Horizontal fibers Alveolar crest fibers Interradicular fibers
Cementum
thin layer of calcified connective tissue that covers tooth from CEJ to and around apical foramen.
Function of cementum
Seal tubules of root dentin
Provide attachment for
perio fiber groups
Characteristics of cementum
Thickness 50 to 200 μm about the apex 30 to 60 μm about the cervical area Vascular & nerve connections missing cementum is insensitive
Alveolar bone
Consists of lamina dura and supporting bone
Needs constant trauma of tooth in order to grow. Otherwise will resorb.
Functions of alveolar bone
Support teeth
Provide attachment for
PDL fibers
Free gingiva
Free gingival groove - 1/3 of teeth in the mouth will show the groove when healthy
Oral epithelium
Gingival margin
Causes of tissue changes
Alterations produced from disease
Role of biofilm in disease process
Inflammatory response initiation
Effects of inflammatory response
Gingival sulcus
in health ave depth is 1.8mm
not a “pocket” until there is disease.
Attached gingiva
attached to bone or root of tooth
Mucogingival junction
marks line b/t attached ging and alveolar mucosa.
when recession / disease goes below MJ, it is considered “mucogingival involvement.”
Descriptive Terminology - Severity and Distribution
Severity
-Slight, moderate, or severe
Distribution
Localized - involved only about a single tooth or specific group
Generalized - involved about all or nearly all teeth throughout mouth or specific group
Marginal - confined to the free or marginal gingiva
Papillary - involves papilla but not rest of free gingiva
Diffuse - spread out, dispersed
The ging. description in health and disease - color and size
Color
Signs of health - pale pink
Changes in disease - red or bluish
Size
Signs of health - firm and flat
Changes in disease - enlarged, soft, spongy, fibrotic (hard), retraction
-Enlargement from drug therapy
Shape of gingiva
sharp - in health
bulbous
cratered
McCalls Festoons
Clefted - flossing, V or slit shaped
Bleeding
Comes from little ulcerations inside tissue
Signs of health
-No bleeding present
Changes in disease
- Spontaneous or bleeding on probing
- Localized or generalized (>30%)
- Diseased pocket epithelium
Exudate
pus
amount is not an idicator - just its presence.
Signs of health
No exudate present
Changes in disease
Increased gingival sulcus fluid
Presence of exudate
Periodontal codes
0 - healthy
1 - bleeding, 3.5 - 5.5 mm mark visible
2 - same as 1 + defective margins or calculus
3 - dark colored band (3.5 - 5.5 mm) partially covered
4 - band completely covered
Mobility causes and codes
Causes - inflammation, loss of support, trauma
Codes:
N - normal - extremely slight mobility
1 or I - slight
2 or II - moderate, 1 mm displacement
3 or III - severe movement in all directions including vertical
Fremitus - def and causes
Def - Palpable vibration/movement
Causes:
Tooth has excess contact – possibly related to premature contact
Excess contact forces the tooth to move
Fremitus codes
N = normal (without vibration or movement).
+ = One-degree fremitus; only slight vibration can be felt.
+ + = Two-degree fremitus; the tooth is clearly palpable but movement is barely visible.
+ + + = Three-degree fremitus; movement is clearly observed visually.
