Precis Study Flashcards
Definition: Water Hammer
The term used to describe the destructive forces, evident in pounding noises and vibrations, which develop in a piping system when a column of non-compressible liquid flowing through a pipe line at a given pressure and velocity is stopped abruptly.
Definition: Forcible Entry
The act of gaining access to a structure through means other than an open window or door using applied techniques and available tools which aid in reducing unnecessary damage to the occupancy or compromising structural integrity.
Definition: Salvage
Consists of those methods and operating procedures allied to firefighting which aid in reducing forcible entry, fire, water, and smoke damage during and after fires.
Definition: Overhaul
The search for and extinguishment of hidden or remaining fires; placing the building, its contents and the fire area in a safe condition; possibly determining the origin/cause of the fire and recognizing and preserving and evidence of arson.
Deputy Chief of The Office of Emergency Management and his Portfolio (5 things)
Rob Squire (8 employees)
1) Emergency Management Planning
2) Emergency management training and public awareness
3) Emergency operations center
4) Emergency support response team
5) Corporate business continuity planning
Core Functions (7)
1) Fire suppression
2) First response to emergency medical events
3) MVC responses
4) Specialized rescue response
5) HAZMAT response
6) Fire investigations
7) Fire prevention programs (education and inspection)
Initial Report (5 things)
1) Unit identification
2) Size-up; include a description of the building, occupancy and emergency scene
3) Summary of fire/emergency conditions
4) Initial plan of attack
5) Identify who is assuming Fire Command, and where fire command is located (A,B,C,D)
Size Up (Visual Factors)
1) Type of Building - construction, occupancy, obvious outside hazards
2) Location, volume, velocity, density, and color of the smoke coming from the structure
3) weather
Size Up (Reconnaissance Factors)
1) Crews inside the structure will relay fire, smoke, and heat conditions to command
2) Information that is gathered by crews from occupants exiting the structure, bystanders, and other non-departmental services involved in the event
Size Up (Pre-fire Assessment Factors)
Pre-fire planning information gathered from pre-fire inspections will afford information such as;
1) Life hazards
2) Number and location of occupants
3) Access to the structure
4) Floor plans
5) The nature of the interior and the exterior exposures
Foam Operations (4 Types)
1) Separation - Foam creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire
2) Cooling - Lowers the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces
3) Suppression - Prevents the release of flammable vapors, reduces ignition
4) Penetrates the product to get at the hot embers
Hazmat Defensive Actions (8)
1) Absorption
2) Confinement
3) Dilution
4) Remote valve shutoff
5) Vapor Dispersion
6) Vapor Suppression
7) Adsorption
8) Burning Off
ICS Primary Objective
The primary objective of the ICS is the management of assigned resources for the effective and efficient control of any emergency situation regardless of the size or complexity
Common Fire Hazards (8)
1) heating and Cooking equipment
2) Smoking and matches
3) Housekeeping
4) electrical power and equipment
5) Fumigation and insecticides
6) Air conditioning and ventilation systems
7) Cleaning agents, compounds, and equipment
8) Storage incompatibility
Special Fire Hazards (8)
1) Painting
2) Welding
3) Chemicals
4) Acids
5) Flammable Liquids
6) Explosives
7) Gas
8) Dust
Target Fire Hazards (8)
1) Lumber yards
2) Public assembly buildings
3) Area shopping centers
4) Row housing
5) Flammable liquid bulk storage
6) Fur Storage
7) Hospitals
8) Schools
What Should You Do If You Find Yourself In A Clandestine Lab? (7 things)
1) Don’t touch anything
2) Don’t handle anything
3) Don’t move anything
4) Don’t disconnect anything
5) Don’t operate anything
6) Retreat along the same entrance path
7) Don’t break/upset any vessel that contains chemicals
Types Of Fire Alarms (3)
1) Conventional Supervised System
2) Multiplex or Fully Addressable System
3) Proprietary or Central Station System
Types of Alarm Signaling System (7)
1) Central Station
2) Local alarm system
3) private alarm system
4) Proprietary
5) Other agency dispatch centers
6) Direct lines
7) Direct individual fire station phone lines
Road Transport Container Types (8)
1) Atmospheric pressure cargo tank truck
2) Low pressure cargo tank truck
3) High pressure gas cargo tank truck
4) Corrosive tank truck
5) Cryogenic liquid tank truck
6) Cryogenic gas/tube road trailer
7) Dry bulk container
8) Mixed cargo
Six Steps to Manage a Hazmat Incident (H.A.Z.M.A.T.)
H - Hazard identification A - Action plan Z - Zoning M - Manage the scene A - Assistance T - Termination
Hazmat Action Plan Levels (3)
Level 1 - Can be handled by the first response personal (pump - <25L)
Level 2 - Special technical assistance (pump and haz 1 -
25-75L)
Level 3 - Potential for major disasters (2 pumps, resuce, ladder, and haz 1 - >75L)
To Establish Scene Control at a Hazmat Incident (5 things)
1) Isolate the site
2) Remove people from the isolation area
3) Deny entry to unauthorized individuals
4) Evacuate or protect-in-place as required
5) Establish scene control zones
4 Levels of Hazmat PPE Clothing
Level A - Highest available degree of respiratory/skin/eye protection (SCBA/vapor suit)
Level B - Highest level of respiratory protection with a less degree of skin protection (SCBA/slpash suit)
level C - Equal level of skin protection as level B, lesser degree of respiratory protection (APR/splash suit)
Level D - PPE in the form of hard hats/steel toed safety boots/safety glasses (bunker gear)
Definitions: Impact, Static, and Repeated Loads
Impact loads are sudden, one-time, short-term bursts of pressure that can produce very high stresses, especially when applied laterally.
Static loads are gradual or constant pressures applied over long term.
Repeated loads are pressures applied intermittently over a period of time.
Hose Line Selection Factors (10)
1) Fire load
2) Type of construction
3) Type of material/fuel involved
4) Volume of water required to extinguish the fire
5) Hose reach required
6) Number of firefighters available
7) How quickly and how often you need to move the hose line
8) Tactical requirements
9) How quickly you can deploy the required hose lines
10) Potential fire spread
Definition: Thermal Imaging
The detection of infrared radiation and the translation of the detected energy into a view-able image.
Flammable Liquid Rate Of Burning Influenced By… (4 things)
1) Vapor Pressure
2) Flash Point
3) Boiling Point
4) Evaporation Rate
Hazmat Fire and Explosion Prevention (5 things)
1) Exclusion of ignition sources
2) Exclusion of air
3) Storage of liquids in closed containers or systems
4) Ventilation to prevent the accumulation of vapor within the flammable range
5) Use of inert gas atmospheres instead of air
Flammable Liquid Fire Extinguishment (4 Ways)
1) Shutting off the fuel supply
2) Excluding air by various means
3) Cooling the liquid to stop evaporation
4) A combination of these methods
Safety-Relief Devices (3)
1) Safety or pressure-relief valves
2) Rupture Discs
3) Fusible Plugs
Roles of the Big Gate (10)
1) Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE carrying a radio
2) Remove the hydrant gate from the rear of the apparatus
3) Wrap 125mm hose around the hydrant
4) Stand on the hose and signal small gate when ready
5) When apparatus is stopped, or when safe to do so, remove steamer cap from hydrant
6) Inspect the barrel of the hydrant and connect gate
7) Ensure that the drain valve on the hydrant gate is in the open position
8) Radio or signal driver or sector officer that you are ready to turn on the hydrant
9) Open hydrant when ordered by driver or sector officer, close drain valve
10) Gather tools, remove kinks in the hose and report to your officer for reassignment
Roles of the Small Gate (11)
1) Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE carrying a radio
2) If riding on a new smeal pumper ensure the coffin doors are electronically open
3) Retrieve hydrate kit from the driver rear compartment of apparatus
4) Place hydrant kit near the hydrant in a practical location for the big gate
5) Help big gate with the supply line and wait for ready signal
6) Return to your position on the apparatus and relay the ready signal to the driver and officer
7) At the scene, safely dismount the unit and un-couple the supply line at the nearest joint
8) Attach the supply line to the appropriate apparatus at the scene. *Utilize the pony length when it is advantages to do so
9) If located at the intake connection, open the intake drain valve
10) Communicate to the driver of the apparatus that the line is ready
11) Report to your officer for reassignment
Daily SCBA Inspection and Checks (12 steps)
1) Inspect cylinder and harness, including air cylinder retention collar for visible damage
2) Check air cylinder pressure
3) Inspect the high pressure hose for signs of wear or damage
4) Inspect high pressure hose coupling for tightness and teflon seal for damage or looseness
5) Fully open air cylinder valve
6) Check that the PASS alarm warns after approximately 20 seconds of non-movement
7) Check the chest mount console gauge. A pressure difference of 300-400 psi or more between the cylinder gauge and the console gauge requires addressing. Identify which of the two components is the cause of the issue, tag it as out of service, inform your officer, and have the service/salvage truck pick it up for repair at the air room
8) Close air valve
9) Check the alarming system function: bleed air from regulator, vibralert will activate at approximately 1200psi chest gauge pressure
10) Deactivate PASS
11) Inspect harness including hold down clip, for wear, damage, and cleanliness
12) Extend and straighten all straps
What Does Each extinguisher Class Put Out?
Class A - wood, cloth, paper, rubber, plastics
Class B - greases, oil, solvents, flammable and combustible liquids
Class C - fires involved in electrical equipment
Class D - combustible metals (magnesium, sodium, lithium, potassium, titanium, zirconium)
Class K - commercial cooking units involving vegetable or animal oils and fats
Variables of a Flashover (5)
1) Compartment size
2) Insulation qualities
3) Ceiling height
4) Ventilation
5) Combustible contents
Definition: Flashpoint
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the liquids surface
Definition: Smoke Explosion
It is the ignition of a premixed pocket of fire gases and oxygen that may occur when an ignition source is introduced
Disciplinary Actions (Captain - Chief)
Captain - counseling, extra station duties, suspension of privileges, verbal reprimand, and written reprimand
District Chief - counseling, extra station duties, suspension of privileges, verbal reprimand, written reprimand, an suspension with pay
Platoon Chief - suspension of privileges, verbal reprimand, written reprimand, and suspension with pay
Deputy Chief - verbal reprimand, written reprimand, suspension with pay, suspension without pay, demotion, and dismissal
Fire Chief - written reprimand, suspension with pay, suspension without pay, demotion, and dismissal
Water/Ice Rescue Suits (3)
1) Mustang Ice Commander Suit (immersion)
2) Kokatat GFER (dry)
3) Mustang Sentinel (dry)
RIC Responsibilities Pre-Mayday (4)
1) Set up RIC tarp
2) Size up structure for potential issues
3) Determine potential egress points
4) Monitor radio for location of crews
P.A.C.C.A.N.
P - Pass alarm - shut of alarm
A - Assess for breathing - look, listen, feel for breathing. Check for “blow by”. If no “blow by” turn on bypass valve to check for air flow. Check SCBA air level on bottle.
C - Communicate - Inform command: a downed or disoriented firefighter found. If necessary, call a MAYDAY
C - Conditions - Where are you located. What conditions are you dealing with (injuries, collapse, multiple victims, etc)
A - Actions - What is your plan of action
N - Needs - Additional RIC, additional or specific tools, hose lines, etc
Products of Combustion (7)
1) Thermal energy
2) Smoke
3) Carbon Monoxide
4) Hydrogen Cyanide
5) Carbon Dioxide
6) Irritants
7) Flame
4 Ways Gases Are Stored
1) Compressed
2) Liquefied
3) Cryogenic
4) Dissolved
Definition: Combustion
A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or a flame
Deputy Chief of Fire Rescue Operations and his Portfolio (6 things)
Robert “Scott” MacDonald (1116 employees)
1) Fire suppression event response
2) Medical event response
3) Rescue event response
4) Hazardous material event response
5) Regional mutual aid event response
6) Specialty operations
Deputy Chief of Training and Logistics and his Portfolio (5 things)
Bradley Hoekstra (41 employees)
1) Training and e-learning
2) Fire rescue facilities
3) Fire rescue fleet and apparatus equipment
4) Logistical planning
5) Health and wellness program
Deputy Chief of Public Safety and his Portfolio (6 things)
Russell Croome (64 employees)
1) Quality management plan
2) Fire prevention and public education
3) Fire inspection
4) Fire investigation
5) EFRS/EPS partnered arson investigation
6) Fire protection engineering
Deputy Chief of Technical Services and his Portfolio ( 6 things)
Bryan Singleton (56 employees)
1) Call evaluation, dispatch, and communication
2) Data and analytics
3) Public safety technology
4) Mapping services
5) Environmental management (replaced with application support and hardware)
6) Fire accreditation
3 Types of Utility Rope on the Trucks
1) Walk-up apartment drop bag, 20m long, 10mm wide
2) Guideline (lifeline) coils, 30m long, 6mm wide
3) Heavy utility rope, 45m long, 16mm wide
Visual Rope Inspection (5)
1) Look for discoloration
2) Rope is uniform diameter
3) Excessive fraying
4) Excessive dirt or grit on the rope
5) Exposed core fibers
Physical Rope Inspection (4)
1) Note stiffening of fibers within rope
2) Feel for inconsistency in the rope diameter
3) Feel for soft areas or bulges by running the rope through a short radius bend
4) Feel for dirt or grit within the kern
Stabilization Tools (11)
1) Chocks
2) Step blocks
3) Cribbing
4) Paratech pneumatic struts, extensions, and bases
5) Ratchet straps
6) Tie down keys
7) Winches
8) Chains
9) Load binder
10) Anchor slings
11) Shackles
Things to Know for a Tank Fire (5 things)
1) Don’t extinguish relief valve fire
2) Always approach from the sides, not the ends
3) Impingement must be minimized
4) Use unmanned master streams
5) Enact evacuation up to 1200m on large cylinders in case of a BLEVE
Things to Know When Flame is Impinging on a Tank (5 things)
1) Cool tank from the top to the bottom - vapor area
2) Large tanks fail within 10-20 minutes
3) Use master stream appliances
4) Non-survivable area of 500ft
5) Water must not be turning to steam, it must reach the container
After Termination of a Hazmat Incident (4 things)
1) Decontamination
2) Rehabilitation
3) Post incident analysis
4) Medical screening
9 Classes of Dangerous Goods (Every Good Fire Fighter Only Takes Real Cash Money)
1) Explosives - 6 divisions
2) Gases - 3 divisions
3) Flammable Liquids - 1 division
4) Flammable Solids - 3 divisions
5) Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides - 2 divisions
6) Toxic and Infections Substances - 2 divisions
7) Radioactive Material - 1 division
8) Corrosive - 1 division
9) Miscellaneous Hazardous Material - 1 division
(1 division also known as 0)
Inter-modal Container Types (3)
1) Low pressure inter-modal tank container
2) Pressure inter-modal container
3) Cryogenic inter-modal container
Rail Transport Container Types (6)
1) Low pressure liquid rail car
2) High pressure rail car
3) High pressure tube-rail car
4) Dry bulk hopper car
5) Box car
6) Cryogenic rail car
Facility Tanks (3)
1) Low pressure facility tanks
2) Cryogenic tanks
3) High and low pressure spherical tanks
Low Pressure Facility Tanks (5)
1) Cone roof tank
2) Floating roof tank
3) Internal floating roof tank
4) Lifter-roof tank
5) Horizontal or low pressure storage tank
CAD Interfaces (6)
1) Radio interface
2) Dispatch interface
3) Clock interface
4) I-mobile interface
5) I-tracker interface
6) I-net-viewer interface
Communication Equipment (6)
1) Radios
2) Pagers
3) Printers
4) Fax machines
5) Voice amplifiers
6) MPS computers
Methods of Detection for Sprinklers (5)
1) Fixed temperature
2) Rate of rise
3) Smoke
4) Flame or flash
5) Vapor
Types of Salvage Equipment (5)
1) Property conservation
2) Door/window/roof repair
3) Mop up and/or clean up
4) Odor suppressor
5) Automatic sprinkler tools
The Fire Weather Index Rating System (6)
1) Fine fuel moisture code
2) Duff moisture code
3) Drought code
4) Initial spread index
5) Build up index
6) Fire weather index
Class “A” Fire Foam Percentages
- 1% - deep-seated fires in furniture, smouldering ground fires, or heavy duff layers where penetration is required
- 1-0.5% - wildland/grass fires
- 5% - structural firefighting with attached fog nozzles, wildland surface fires using foam nozzles
- 0% - protecting structural exposures (walls and roofs), forming barriers during wildland firefighting operations.
Definition: Fire
A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities
Definition: Self Heating
A form of oxidation, is a chemical reaction that increases the temperature of a material without the addition of external heat
Definition: Spontaneous Ignition
Initiation of combustion of a material by an internal chemical or biological reaction that has produced sufficient heat to ignite the material
Definition: Piloted Ignition
The moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction
Definition: Auto Ignition
The initiation of combustion by heating but without a spark or flame to ignite the fuel gases or vapor
Definition: Auto Ignition Temperature
The lowest temperature of which a combustible material will ignite without an external source of ignition
Definition: Fire Point
The temperature at which sufficient vapors are being generated to sustain the combustion reaction
Unity of Command (3)
1) The principle that a person can report to only one officer
2) Directly, each subordinate reports to their designated officer
3) Indirectly, everyone reports to the fire chief through the chain of command
Span of Control (2)
1) The number of personal one individual can effectively manage
2) A rule of thumb in the fire service is that an officer can directly supervise 3-7 firefighters, or functional units, effectively
Division of Labor (4)
The dividing of large operations into smaller, manageable tasks. These small tasks are then assigned to specific groups.
1) Safety and accountability of personal
2) To prevent duplication of effort
3) To define specific and clear-cut assignments
4) To assign responsibility for the tasks outlined
SCBA Pressures
Full - 4500 psi Change bottle - 3600 psi Low air alarm - 1200 psi High pressure reducer - 85-110 psi Regulator pressure - 0.8-1.5 psi
Rope Bags on Rescue and TR
Rescue - 1 red main and 1 blue belay (60m long, 13mm wide)
TR - 2 red main, 2 blue belay, 2 haul bags (60m long, 13mm wide), and 2 rope bags (100m long, 13mm wide)
Advantages of Ventilation (6)
1) Rescue operations
2) Fire attack
3) Property damage
4) Thermal layering
5) Backdraft/flashover
6) Fire spread
Advantages of the ICS System (5)
1) Flexible for any size emergency
2) Systematic approach lessens confusion
3) Allows for informed decisions
4) Deployment of resources are easier
5) Provides accountability for all resources
Building Size-Up (5)
1) What kind of construction
2) How old is the building
3) What is the possible fuel load
4) Take a mental picture of the outside of the building
5) Keep track of where you are in the building
Definition: Latent Heat of Vaporization
The amount of heat absorbed by any substance where it is converted from a liquid to a vapor
Definition: Specific Heat
The ratio between the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a specified quantity of material and the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an identical quantity of water by the same number of degrees.
water is 1:1
Types of ICS Emergency (9)
1) Medical responses
2) Alarms ringing
3) MVC
4) Structural and non-structural fires
5) Hazmat responses
6) Technical rescues
7) High-rise fires
8) Aircraft accidents
9) Wildland fires
Rules for Rope Usage (9)
1) Do not step on the rope
2) Protect the rope at abrasion points
3) Do not overload a rope
4) Never tow a vehicle with a life safety rope
5) Do not over bend a rope
6) Do not leave knots tied in a stored rope (unless left loose)
7) Store ropes using appropriate methods
8) Protect a rope from falling objects
9) Protect the rope from sources of high heat
5 Pieces of Information for Propane (LEL, UEL, Boiling point, specific gravity, expansion)
2.4% LEL
9.5% UEL
Boils at -42C
1.5 specific gravity
expands at a ratio of 270:1
Definition: Discipline
Discipline refers to an organizations responsibility to provide the direction needed to satisfy the goals and objectives of the organization. This direction may come in the form of rules, regulations, or polices, to define the limits or boundaries for expected performance. The rules of the organization must be clearly written and presented.
Breaking Strength of the Prusik Minding Pulley
36kN
Breaking Strength of the Steel Triangular Screw Link
44.03kN
Breaking Strength of the Steel Lite Locking
44.7kN
Breaking Strength of the Large Steel D Locking
50kN
Breaking Strength of the Aluminum “P” Rated
27kN
Breaking Strength of the Twin Prusik Minding Pulley
45kN
Breaking Strength of the Mini Prusik Minding Pulley
17kN
Breaking Strength of Rigging Plates
44.4kN
Breaking Strength of Swivels
35.58kN
Occupancy Hazards (2)
1) People cause hazardous acts
2) Things cause hazardous conditions
Types of Flat Roof (7)
1) Wooden deck roof
2) Metal deck roof
3) Concrete roof
4) Inverted roof
5) Rain roof
6) Pour gypsum roof
7) Mansard roof (false)
Gas Cylinder Color Coding (6)
Green/silver - oxygen Blue - Nitrous Oxide Orange - cyclopropane Brown - helium Red - ethylene Grey - carbon dioxide
Sprinkler Head Components (5)
1) Arms
2) Levers
3) Valve cap
4) Deflector
5) Release mechanism
Water Distribution System Pipe Sizes (3)
1) Primary lines >400mm
2) Feeders 300-400mm
3) Distribution 200-300mm
Can see as high as 1500mm
Important Cribbing Points (3)
1) Overlap ends of cribbing
2) Ensure points of contact are in-line with each other all the way down the stack
3) Limit the box crib stack to 3 times the width of the stack
Types of Door Locks (4)
1) Mortise
2) Bored (cylindrical)
3) Rim
4) Padlock
Types of Windows (6)
1) Awning
2) Factory projected
3) Slider
4) Jalousie
5) Hinged/casement
6) Single hung
Rank 1 Wildland Fire
Smouldering ground or creeping fires, easily controlled with hand tools
Rank 2 Wildland Fire
Low vigor surface fire, easily controlled with hand tools
Rank 3 Wildland Fire
Moderately vigorous surface fire, not easily controlled with hand tools. Head of fire requires water delivery system
Rank 4 Wildland Fire
Highly vigorous surface fire, threat to crew safety. Candling is probable
Rank 5 Wildland Fire
Extremely vigorous fire or active crown fire. Likelihood of crew entrapment
Rank 6 Wildland Fire
Blow-up or conflagration, extreme fire behavior. Evacuation of crews necessary
Definition: Wildland Interface
Any area where structures are located adjacent to, or among combustible wildland fuels
Standard Operating Procedures (wording)
SOP’s are the LAWS of the department and these directives must be adhered to: They use words like “MUST” and “WILL” and may, if not followed, result in possible legal implications for a member.
5 Examples of SOP’s
1) Dress
2) Conduct
3) Station duties
4) Training procedures
5) Fire response
Tests of a Safe Rescue System (3)
1) White board analysis
2) Critical points examination
3) Whistle test
Sizing up the Fire (3)
1) Are flames visible
2) What are the smoke conditions
3) What are the conditions inside
Are these conditions changing
Forcible Entry Size-Up (4)
1) Type of construction
2) Available access to the doors, windows, or walls
3) Available tools
4) Time
Core Values (4)
1) Service
2) Safety
3) Relationships
4) Teamwork
Organization Principles (4)
1) Disciple
2) Unity of command
3) Span of control
4) Division of labor
Incident Command Accountability Worksheet (7)
always order pepperoni pizza at the firehall
1) Accountability
2) Outline of emergency site plan
3) Plan of attack
4) Progress
5) Available resources
6) Transfer of command
7) Final report
Ten Command Functions
ARIIDPCRRT
1) Assume an effective command position and confirm operations
2) Rapidly size-up the situation
3) Initiate, maintain, and control the communication process
4) Identify the overall strategy and develop an attack plan and assign crews
5) Develop an effective fire ground organization
6) Provide continuing command within the framework of department SOP’s
7) Coordinate the transfer of command as required
8) Review, evaluate, and reuse attack plan as required
9) Request and assign additional crews as required
10) Terminate operations/command and return crews to service
Standard Operation Guidelines (wording)
SOG’s are guidelines developed for the safe and efficient mitigation of a myriad of events. SOG’s may be deviated from and are flexible provided you can justify your actions, they use words like “SHALL” and “MAY”
3 Types of Fire Ground Strategy
1) Offensive interior attack
2) Defensive exterior attack
3) Hold-in-place
3 Designations for Assigned Resources
1) Single Resource - Personal, vehicle, and/or equipment
2) Task Force - Combination of single resources within the span of control amassed for a task
3) Strike Team - A combination of a number of units that are of the same type and purpose
Webbing Length, Color, Breaking Strength and Type
Green - 1.5m Yellow - 3.5m Blue - 4.5m Red - 6.0m Orange - 6.0m
17.5kN breaking strength
25mm tubular webbing
Characteristics of a Good Tie (6)
1) Easy to tie
2) Easy to untie
3) Easily inspected
4) Secure once tied
5) Will not slip under load
6) Will have the minimum strength loss on the rope (30%)
UN ID Colored Backgrounds (7)
Red - Flammable Orange - Explosive White - Toxic or infectious Green - Compressed, but non-flammable, non-toxic Blue - Reactive Black - Corrosive Yellow - Oxidizer
Thermal Imaging Applications (10)
1) Size-up
2) Search and rescue
3) Fire attack
4) Ventilation
5) Overhaul
6) Hazmat events
7) Wildland operations
8) Training
9) Exterior woodland search
10) Water rescue events
Airbag Initials (5)
SIR - supplemental inflatable restraint SRS - supplemental restraint system SIPS - side impact protection system HPS - head protection system IC - impact curtain
Core Value Service
We fulfill our mission to serve the public 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year
Core Value Safety
We make public safety and firefighter safety our number one priority through ongoing training , development, and innovation
Core Value Relationships
We build and maintain public trust through integrity, dedication, professionalism, and accountability
Core Value Teamwork
We work together as a team. We can only achieve our mission and our other core values by working closely with our internal and external partners
EFRS Vision
To make Edmonton a safer, more liveable city by providing the best fire rescue services in North America
EFRS Mission Statement
We are committed to protecting life, property, and the environment
Enviso CPR
C - Continual Environmental Improvement
P - Pollution Prevention
R - Regulatory Compliance
Location of Heat Sensor Labels on Ladders (2)
1) Below the second rung from the tip
2) Immediately below the center rung of the section
Wildland Hose Length and Diameter (3)
Spec 187 - 38mm wide, 7.5 and 15m lengths, non-weeping
Staflo - 38mm wide, 30m length, weeping
Econoflow - 15mm wide, 15m length
When do Investigators Attend a Fire (3)
1) Property damage
2) Injury
3) Death due to fire
Types of Fire Hazard (6)
1) Occupancy hazard
2) Common fire hazard
3) Personal hazard
4) Special hazard
5) Target hazard
6) Exposure hazard
Generating and Applying Foam (3)
1) Proportioning
2) Foam generation
3) Distribution
Hazmat Foam %
1% - Shallow hydrocarbon spill
3% - Severe hydrocarbon and polar solvent fires
6% - Hazmat vapor suppression
4 Methods of Foam Proportioning
1) Eduction
2) Injection
3) Batch-mixing
4) Premixing
Definition: Hazardous Materials
Any material or substance, which even in normal use, poses a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment
Hazard Identification (4)
1) Location and occupancy type
2) Placards, labels, and marking
3) Container shapes
4) Your senses
Facility and Transport Markings (3)
Signs - found at fixed sites
Labels - 10x10cm and are required on containers up to 450L
Placards - Diamond shaped 25x25cm and used in transportation of more than 450L
NFPA 704 Diamond
Health - Left - Blue
Flammability - Top - Red
Reactivity - Right - Yellow
Special Info - Bottom - White
Scale of 0-4, 4 being the highest risk
Contamination Through a Chemical Protective Suit (3)
1) Permeation
2) Penetration
3) Degradation
4 Types of Natural Gas Emergencies
1) Gas escaping outside
2) Gas burning from an outside piping system
3) Gas escaping inside
4) Structural fires involving a gas system
Warning Signs for a BLEVE (6)
1) Pressure relief device is working
2) Pitch or sound gets louder
3) Pinging, popping, or snapping sounds are heard
4) Visible steam from tank upon cooling
5) Discoloration of shell at impingement
6) A bulge or bubble indicates serious localized heating of vapor area
4 Types of Fixed Temperature Detecting Devices
1) Fusible device
2) Frangible bulb
3) Continuous line detector
4) Bimetallic detector
Types of Alarm Initiation Devices (9)
1) Manual pull station
2) Fixed temperature heat detectors
3) Rate-of-rise heat detectors
4) Smoke detectors
5) Photoelectric smoke detectors
6) Ionization smoke detectors
7) Combination detectors
8) Flame detectors
9) Water flow switches
Disadvantages of Using Water (6)
1) Water has high surface tension, with reduces the rate of heat absorption
2) Water reacts with certain materials
3) Water conducts electricity
4) Steam from water can cause serious injuries
5) Water has low viscosity, which means it will not adhere well to vertical surfaces
6) Water has low opacity and low reflectivity, therefore does not prevent the passage of radiant heat well
Water Capacity on EFRS Units (6)
Pumps - 1817L Ladders - 1134L Tankers - 4500L Super Tankers - 13500L ATP - 1442L Mule trailer - 250L
Deluge Gun Pressure and Flow Rate
700kPa nozzle pressure on E-one units
500kPa nozzle pressure on new units
2650 Lpm flow rate
65mm Quick Attack Monitor Pressure and Flow Rate
700kPa nozzle pressure
3 flow rates - 950Lpm, 1400Lpm, 1900Lpm
Fire Streams are Influenced by… (4)
1) Operating pressures
2) Nozzle design
3) Nozzle adjustment
4) Condition of the nozzle orifice
Solid Stream Advantages (4)
1) Greater visibility
2) Better reach and better penetration than other types of streams
3) Reduced nozzle pressure per liter make for easier handling
4) Normal thermal layering is less likely to be disturbed during an interior structural attack, thus increasing your personal safety level
Extrication Equipment Types (5)
1) Striking tools
2) Prying tools
3) Cutting tools
4) Pushing/pulling tools
5) Supporting tools
Container Release Types (7)
1) Cloud
2) Hemispheric
3) Cone
4) Plume
5) Stream
6) Pool
7) Irregular
Contents of the Red High Rise Kit (12)
1 - 15m length of 44mm hose 1 - 3m length of 65mm hose with pre-connected gated wye 1 - Rope drop bag 10 - Rubber door stops 3 - door wedges 2 - sprinkler wedges 2 - sprinkler dowels 1 - hose key 1 - pipe wrench 1 - uni-driver 1 - recessed sprinkler wedge 1 - door markers
Common Control Valves (4)
1) Outside screw and yoke valve (OS & Y)
2) Post indicator valve (PIV)
3) Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)
4) Post indicator valve assembly (PIVA)
Characteristics of Water (5)
1) Inexpensive
2) Universal abundance
3) Ability to absorb heat
4) Can be conveyed long distances
5) Easily stored
Alternative Water Supplies (4)
1) Rivers
2) Ponds
3) Pools/cisterns
4) Portable tanks
EFRS Hose Diameters and Lengths
Econoflow - 15mm wide, 15m length
Booster reel - 25mm wide, 45m length
Staflo - 38mm wide, 30m length
Spec 187 - 38mm wide, 7.5 and 15m length
Small hi-combat attack hose - 44mm wide, 15m length
Large hi-combat attack hose - 65mm wide, 3 and 15m length
Hi-volume - 125mm wide, 7.5 and 15m length
Hard suction - 150mm wide, 3 and 4 and 5m length
Definition:Black Fire
Smoke that is high-volume, turbulent velocity, ultra-dense, and black. Black fire is a sure sign of impending auto ignition and flashover. Temperatures of more then 1000`F. Treat black fire just as actual flames
Solid Stream Disadvantages (4)
1) Cannot be used for foam applications
2) Do not allow for different patterns
3) Less heat absorption than fog streams
4) Never use solid stream or wand applicators on electrical equipment because they are conductive
Thermal Imaging Camera Sensitivity Modes (3)
High sense mode - up to 65C
Mid sense mode - 65C - 240C
Low sense mode - 240C and above
Radio Signal Report Readability Scale
Signal strength then readability 5x5 1 - Bad (unreadable) 2 - Poor (readable now and then) 3 - Fair (readable but with difficulty) 4 - Good (readable) 5 - Excellent (perfectly readable)
Definition: Flammable Liquid
A liquid with a flashpoint below 37.8`C
L.A.C.E.S.
L - Look out A - Anchor points C - Communication E - Escape routes S - Safety zones
I.D.E.A.S.
I - Integrity D - Direction of force E - Equalization and no extension A - Angles S - System of anchors
