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HYDROLOGY > PRECIPITATION > Flashcards

PRECIPITATION Flashcards

1
Q

__________ are formed when raindrops are carries upward by ______________________ into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere and freeze.

A

hail, thunderstorm updrafts

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2
Q

_______ is a liquid precipitation falling from the sky. Rain occurs when air rises into the upper atmosphere and cools.

A

rain

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3
Q

______ is like a mix of “rain and snow”, it starts as a snowflake but melts into raindrops as it falls through a layer of warm air.

A

sleet

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4
Q

_______ is precipitation that forms when “water vapor freezes”. It is ice crystals that form in the cold clouds.

A

Snow

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5
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( origin based)

_____________

rapid upward movement of warm air causes short, intense rainfall, often with thunderstorms or hail.

A

convective storms

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6
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( origin based)

_________________________

moist air rises over mountains, leading to heavy rain on the windward side and drier conditions on the leeward side.

A

orographic storms

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7
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( origin based)

_______________

Large low - pressure systems bring widespread, prolonged rainfall.

A

cyclonic storms

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8
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( origin based)

___________________

intense storms over warm oceans produce heavy rain, strong winds, and storm surges

A

hurricanes or tropical cyclones

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9
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( non - origin based)

liquid water drops

A

rain

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10
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( non - origin based)

ice crystals

A

snow

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11
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( non - origin based)

small ice pellets

A

sleets

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12
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( non - origin based)

large ice balls

A

hail

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13
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( non - origin based)

rain that turns to ice on surfaces

A

freezing rain

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14
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION ( non - origin based)

soft ice balls formed on snowflakes

A

graupel

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15
Q

RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS

How much water has fallen over a period of time

A

depth

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16
Q

RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS

refers to the length of time rainfall occurs

A

duration

17
Q

RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS

ratio of the total amount of rain falling during a period of time

A

intensity

18
Q

RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS

graphical representation between rainfall intensity and time

A

hyetograophy

19
Q

POINT RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS

also known as station rainfall

A

point rainfall

20
Q

POINT RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS

Rainfall is expressed in terms of the _______ to which rainwater would stand on an area, if all the rain were collected on it.

A

depth

21
Q

This is an instrument to measure “rainfall rate” in a certain period of time. It catches and represents the precipitation falling on a respective surrounding area.

A

rain gauge

22
Q

2 types of rain gauge

A

non recording
recording

23
Q

example of a non recording rain gauge

A

Symon’s Rain Gauge

24
Q

Example of a recording rain gauge

A

weighing bucket type

tippingg bucket type

floating type

25
Q

MISSING RAINFALL DATA ( Estimation)’

availability of continuous record of previous rainfall

A

continuity

26
Q

MISSING RAINFALL DATA ( Estimation)’

_________________

rainfall data of previous year should be consistent with the present environmental condition

A

consistency

27
Q

CONVERSION OF POINT RAINFALL to AERIAL RAINFALL

this method is calculated by taking an average of the values that are obtained from several observation points or stations within the region

A

arithmetical - mean method

28
Q

CONVERSION OF POINT RAINFALL to AERIAL RAINFALL

This method assigns weightage to stations based on proximity, superior to the arithmetic mean method. It’s effective for outside catchment stations and easy to calculate for fixed networks

A

Thiessen - Mean Method

29
Q

CONVERSION OF POINT RAINFALL to AERIAL RAINFALL

This entails drawing isohyets derived from precipitation data of different stations and then taking an average precipitation by integratong over the areas which correspond to these lines

A

isohyetal method

30
Q

A test for consistency of record or for rain gauge inconsistency

A

Double Mass Analysis

HYDROLOGY (4 decks)

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