Pre-test Flashcards
What happens to resting tremors in Parkinson’s when sleeping?
Disappears;
What brain structure in responsible for intention tremors?
Cerebellum
How does a blood clot appear on T1-weight images?
Bright
What muscles are first affected by polymyositis?
Proximal - pelvic and shoulder girdles
With sensorineural hearing loss, the patient will hear midline fork more loudly in which ear?
Unaffected ear
In conductive hearing loss, the vibrations of the midline fork are perceived as louder in what ear?
Affected ear
Patient develops increased sensitivity to sound in left year; this symptom may develop in one ear with damage to which ipsilateral CN?
VII - facial nerve innervates stapedius muscle of middle ear; paralysis of this muscle allows undampened transmission of acoustic signals
If SAH is suspected but the CT is normal, what is the next diagnostic test?
Lumbar puncture
Women with breast cancer and other gynecologic cancers are also at increased risk of what brain tumor?
Meningioma (thought to be due to the sex steroid receptors on these tumors)
What type of tumors are seen in NF-2?
Meningiomas and bilateral acoustic neuromas
What kind of wave and wave frequency is seen in a relaxed adult?
Alpha waves; 8-13 Hz
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Impaired naming, comprehension, and repetition with fluent speech
What is the CSF profile in a seizure?
Normal
What is the CSF profile in bacterial meningitis?
Elevated protein, no/few RBSc, elevated opening pressure, milk/xanthochromic fluid, normal/slightly elevated gamma globulin content, elevated WBCs, VERY LOW glucose
What is the CSF profile in Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Normal except for high protein and xanthochromic
What is the CSF profile in viral encephalitis?
Some RBCs, increase WBCs, elevated protein, glucose is normal, increase in IgG %
What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis?
Plaque involves subintimal proliferation of smooth muscle, fatty deposits in the intima, inflammatory cells, and excessive elaboration of the connective tissue matrix in the vessel wall
Stroke to the posteroventral nucleus of the lateral thalamus leads to what symptoms?
Sensory sxs; contralateral numbness and tingling
Most cases of lateral medullary infarcts are causes by occlusion of what?
Vertebral artery (some cases PICA)
What is the most common cause of lobar hemorrhage in elderly patients without HTN?
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Why must lamotrigine be slowly titrated?
Risk of severe rash
What intracranial abnormalities are seen in Sturge Weber syndrome (encephalofacial angiomatosis)?
Leptomeningeal angiomas
When do Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms form?
Chronic HTN; lenticulostriate arteries most commonly affected
An aneurysm of what artery is most likely to compress the third (oculomotor) nerve?
PCom
What is an early sign of a saccular aneurysm of the PCom artery?
Pupillary activity problems; Pupilloconstrictor fibers lie superficial
How is vasospasm after a SAH prevented?
Nimodipine
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome characterized by?
Characterized by mental dysfunction, multiple seizure types, and 1- to 2- Hz generalized spike-wave discharges on EEG
Children affected by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome usually have a history of what?
Infantile spasms (West syndrome); paroxysmal flexions of body, waist, or neck and disorganized EEG pattern (hypsarrhythmia)
What symptoms/signs are seen in Landau-Kleffner syndrome?
Loss of language and an abnormal EEG during sleep
An aura of olfactory hallucination prior to a seizure is usually due to a lesion where?
The mesial temporal lobe (hippocampus or parahippocampus)