Pre-Solo Knowledge Flashcards
3
What personal documents and endorsements are you required to have before you fly solo?
Student pilot certificate
Medical certificate
ID with photo
Logbook with
Endorsements
61.3, 61.51
What class of medical do you need prior to solo flight?
3rd class
What are your student pilot limitations regarding carriage of passengers or cargo and flying compensation or hire?
No passengers, no cargo, no hire
61.87, 61.89
Explain student pilot limitations concerning visibility and flight above clouds.
10 SM, 3000’ ceiling, flight above clouds not allowed.
Who has the final authority and responsibility for the operation of the aircraft when you are flying solo?
Me as the PIC.
Discuss what preflight action concerning the airport and aircraft performance is specified in the regulations for a local flight.
All information for completion of a safe flight. Examples: Wx, TFR’s, Notams, aircraft performance, frequencies.
During engine run up you cause rocks, debris and rotor vortices to be directed toward another aircraft or person. Could this be considered careless or reckless operations of an aircraft?
Yes
How long before flying can you have your last alcoholic beverage? What is the BAC you can have in your blood?
8 hrs - 0.04%
What are the general requirements pertaining to the use of safety belts and shoulder harnesses?
Use during takeoff, landing, taxi, and en route flight.
What is the minimum fuel reserve for day VFR flight, and on what cruise speed is the fuel reserve based?
First point of landing + 20 min. 83 kts.
At what altitude is a Mode C transponder required at all times in all airspace’s? Excluding what altitudes?
10,000’ MSL - below 2500’ AGL
What aircraft certificates and documents must be on board when you are flying solo?
Airworthiness certificate
Registration
Radio cert (outside the US)
Operating handbook (POH)
Weight and balance
No one person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a ______________ .
Hazard or collision
Who has the right-of-way when two aircraft are on final approach to land at the same time?
Lower aircraft. But this cannot be abused to create the ROW.
What action do you need to take if you are overtaking another aircraft and which aircraft has the ROW? What if flying a head-on collision course? What if another helicopter is converging from the right?
- Pass on the right. Aircraft being overtaken has the ROW.
- Deviate to the right.
- Helicopter on the right.
Except when necessary for takeoffs and landings, what are the minimum safe altitudes for helicopters?
An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, to make an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.
Robinson Specific
If an altimeter setting is not available at an airport, what setting should you use before departing on a local flight?
Elevation of the departure airport.
What altitudes should you use when operating under VFR in level cruising flight at more than 3000’ AGL?
Magnetic course of 0 - 179 - odd thousands plus 500
Magnetic course of 180 - 359 - even thousands plus 500.
When is a go around appropriate?
Anytime you are uncomfortable with the approach, especially in conditions likely for vortex ring state (< 30 kts, more than 300’ per min, power applied)
What general steps should you follow after an engine failure in flight?
Enter autorotation (collective down, right pedal, aft cyclic)
List the minimum equipment and instruments that must be working properly in your aircraft for day VFR flight. List the additional night equipment necessary.
Seatbelts
Oil temp gauge
Fuel gauge
Tachometer
Altimeter
Compass
Oil pressure gauge
Manifold pressure gauge
Airspeed indicator
+R44:
Governor
OAT
Alternator
Low RPM System (horn and light)
Hydraulic System
Night
Position indicator lights (nav lights)
Anticollision lights
Landing lights
Electricity source
Spare fuse
91.205
Define Vy for the R44
Best rate of climb - 55 kts
POH section 4
What is the best glide speed for the R44?
90 KIAS
POH section 3
What is the max RPM drop during the magneto check on the runup?
7% in two seconds
What is the total usable fuel capacity for the r44?
46.5 gallons (3.1 hrs)
POH section 2
29.5 main, 17 aux
What grade of fuel can be safely used in your aircraft? What are the colors of the recommended fuels?
100LL - Blue
POH section 2
In order to remain outside the shaded area of the height/velocity diagram, what would your air-speed have to be at 200’?
45 KIAS
POH section 5
How do you detect an alternator failure?
Alternator light. Electrical problems/failure.
When do you use carburetor heat? What are indications of carb icing?
Likely with an OAT of -4 to 30 degrees AND the difference between the OAT and the dew point is less than 15 degrees.
Run up - full carb heat
Takeoff, climb, cruise - keep the CAT gauge out of the yellow
Descent, auto - full carb heat
Indications - decrease in manifold pressure, rough engine running
At max gross weight and with an OAT of 20C degrees, what is Vne at sea level? At 6000’?
120 KIAS; 103 KIAS
POH section 2
What are traffic patterns for each runway at your airport? What is the MSL altitude for each helicopter traffic pattern?
17R/35L or 17L/35R - avoid flow of fixed wing aircraft - 500’ AGL = 6700’ MSL
91.155
How do you enter and exit the traffic pattern at your airport? What if any radio communications are required?
Get ATIS - Ask tower to join the pattern - repeat back specific instructions
What radio calls are recommended in the traffic pattern at an uncontrolled airport?
10 miles out on the CTAF - entering downwind and each leg
What is the standard direction of turns in the traffic pattern?
At controlled airports, generally instructed to avoid flow of fixed-wing traffic. This typically means right-hand patterns (because fixed wing traffic is typically left-hand unless indicated on charts).
At uncontrolled airports
AIM 4-3-3, 4-3-17
What is CTAF? Explain CTAF procedures at your training airport?
Common traffic advisory frequency - report 10 miles out and each leg of the pattern.
How can you determine if a runway is closed?
White “X” lights at end of the runway.
What are the typical dimensions of Class D airspace and what requirement(s) must be met prior to entry?
- 4 NM Radius - 2500’ AGL (charted in MSL)
- two way radio comms must be established prior to entry
- Position, altitude, destination and request
AIM 3-2-5
What are the cloud clearance requirements and visibility requirements when operating in controlled airspace below 10,000’ MSL?
3 SM, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal
Class B - 3 mi and clear of clouds
91.153
If you receive ATC instructions that you feel may compromise safety or will cause you to violate a FAR, what should you do?
Ask for clarification - safety of the flight is the priority.
Meaning of following ATC light signals in flight:
* Steady green
* Flashing green
* Flashing red
* Steady red
- Clear to land
- Come back to airport for landing
- Airport unsafe
- Keep circling
Define the meaning of the following ATC signals on the ground:
* Steady green
* Flashing green
* Flashing white
* Steady Red
* Flashing Red
- Clear to takeoff
- Clear to taxi
- Return to starting point on the airport
- Stop
- Taxi clear of runway in use
What requirements are there for a student pilot to fly in Class B airspace?
Endorsement by CFI and route flown with CFI.
Describe the dimensions, VFR weather minimums, equipment and pilot requirements for class B airspace.
- Upside down wedding cake, as many tiers as needed.
- surface to 10,000’ MSL typically
- 30 nm radius
- Two way radio communication
- Clearance from ATC
- Mode C transponder and ADS-B out w/in 30 nm of airport
- private pilot cert or student with 61.101 endorsement
You have called ATC just prior to entering Class B airspace and the controller tells you “Squawk 2466 and ident”. Are you now allowed to enter without further instructions?
No. You must be specifically cleared into Class B airspace.
What does a dashed magenta line around an airport indicate on a sectional chart?
Class E sfc to 17,999 MSL
What does a solid blue line around an airport indicate on a sectional chart?
Class B airspace
What does a solid magenta line around an airport indicate on a sectional chart?
Class C airspace
What does a dashed blue line indicate on a sectional chart? What does the boxed number within mean?
Class D airspace. Ceiling of class D in hundreds of feet (a minus means sfc up to but not including that value)
What does a shaded magenta line with “CLASS G” under it indicate on a sectional chart?
Class E airspace with a floor 700 AGL that laterally abuts class G airspace
What does a shaded magenta line indicate on a sectional chart?
Class E airspace with a floor 700 AGL that laterally abuts 1200’ or higher class E airspace
What does a shaded blue line indicate on a sectional chart?
Class E airspace with a floor 1200 AGL or greater that laterally abuts class G airspace
What is the min. Visibility and ceiling requirement for VFR flight in Class D airspace?
3 miles, 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontally
Describe the Fuel System on the R44.
Consists of a main (29.5 usable) and an auxiliary tank (17 usable), a shutoff valve control located between the front seats, a strainer (gascolator) , an engine-driven pump, and an auxiliary (electric) pump. The fuel tanks have flexible bladders in aluminum enclosures. A fuel return line allows pump supply in excess of engine demand to return to the fuel tanks.
The auxiliary pump primes the engine for starting and runs in flight to provide fuel pump redundancy.
Fuel gauges are electrically operated by float-type transmitters in the tanks. When gauges read E, the tanks are empty except for a small quantity of unusable fuel. The low fuel caution light is actuated by a separate electric sender located on the bottom of the main tank.
The auxiliary tank is interconnected with the main tank and located somewhat higher so it will become empty first while fuel still remains in the main tank.
Approved fuel grades are shown here.
Fuel burn rate is ~15gpm
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