Pre-Release concepts Flashcards
Breadwinner
The main male figure who does hard physical jobs and as a result were able to opt out of domestic duties
Multicultural Britain
Multicultural society is one in which 8.9% of the population are from minority ethnic backgrounds, all ethnic groups of same status and preserving own cultural heritage
Lone parent family
one in which either the mother looks after the children or the father does. Do not set out to be single parents and will often establish new relationships and subsequently new families e.g. reconstritued
socialisation via ethnicity
the family in particular gives a first name and surname which can portray ethnic identity e.g. Patel = indian background. the languages spoken in the family home, food and clothing selected for children.
Assimilation
When certain ethnic groups abandon their own culture to fit in with the new.
Sex
determining people as male or female, based on biological/ physical factors
Hegemonic masculinity
Connell described hegemonic masculinity as being associated with male supremacy (power and authority), heterosexuality, aggression and ‘laddish culture’
Mixed methods/ methodological pluralism
shows all the methods as equal, it uses more than one type of data to build up a more coherent study
Qualitative data collection methods
based on descriptions of events and social interactions, they are words rather than numerical data, commonly used by interpretivists, collecting open ended data, WEBER e.g. observation, ethnography, interviews, focus groups
Semi-structured interviews
the interviewer is present and has a clear list of topic/ issues to be addressed and questions to be answered. the interviewer has greater control than unstructured
Time-use diaries
written diaries depicting how the individual has spent their time and who they interacted with.
Quantitative data
based on numbers, mostly used by positivists GARTELL AND GARTELL e.g. questionnaires
Topic guide
a set of topics a sociologist sets out to cover when conducting a semi-structured interview to ensure the conversation still extracts the information needed of the study
Joesph Rowntree Foundation
a british social policy research and development charity, that funds a UK wide research and development programme, particularly into poverty
Thematic analysis
widely used qualitative data analysis method, a cluster of methods that focus on identifying patterned meanings across a data set
Triangulation
it involves using more than one method or source of data in the study, allowing findings to be cross checked (Bryman 2004), gives a true position of the two or more co-ordinates
Validity
The extent to which the researcher provides a true picture of the social reality of those being studied. The extent to which the research does what it set out to do
Ecological validity
means that the methods, materials and setting of the study must be appropriate the real world that is being examined.
Temporal validity
refers to how the relevant the time period is in affecting the findings e.g. a study on attitudes towards fathering conducted decades ago cannot be expected to have temporal validity due to changing attitudes in society
Face validity
validity at face value, the simplest form, it is essentially what gets affected by confounding and extraneous variable and lack of control over these factors.
Reliability
research said to be reliable if the method used to collect the data is standardised e.g. questionnaires, structured interviews, because they can easily be repeated.
Representativeness
concerned with whether the group of individuals being studied is a fair reflection of the target population in terms of social characteristics, age, gender, ethnicity and class.
Generalisability
The extent to which it is possible to apply the findings from the research sample to the wider target population
Verstehen
the german word for ‘understanding’ and is closely related to the process of achieving empathy for another group, used by interpretivists
Operationalisation
the process of defining key terms and concepts
Ethical issues
things that may effect the safety of the sociologist e.g. informed consent, deception, the researcher must make sure the ethical issues as eliminated and that they abide to the BSA guidelines
BSA
a set of guidelines set out by the British Sociological Association, it states that researchers must abide to the ethnical guidelines presented.
Respondent validation
When a participant is checked by the researcher on their results to go over and validate the information, check for accuracy and reliability, used by interpretivists
Ethnocentric research
a focusing of research to one particular ethnicity and practicing it in a way that portrays that ethnicity as dominant over all others by imposing its values.
Researcher bias/ imposition
similar to value laden where the researcher imposes their personal values on the participant when conducting research possibly to get a different result.
Positivistic research
They try to carry out research in a logical, systematic and objective way, using methods similar to that of natural sciences, using quantitative data.
Interpretivistic research
they take a more open-ended approach to the collection of data, seeking understanding and looking for meanings attached to actions using qualitative data.
Value free
free from biases of the researcher, no values imposed on participants, objective. postivistic
Value laden
when the researcher imposes their own values on questions and may influence participant response. Interpretivistic
Fit for Purpose
means researchers will only select the methods most suitable for their data collection as long as the method fits the purpose of what they are trying to find out, purposive sample
Access
how a sociologist gathers a sample of people required for the study, for positivists it is harder because they usually study socially isolated groups (e.g. gang crime)
Rapport
establishing a solid working relationship where information can be accessed and articulated in a trusting way between the researcher and participant
Practical issues
time, cost and access, which may determine the choice and the extent of a piece of research
