Pre Industrial Britain

Question 1

What are the 4 C’s in terms of what life was like in pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 1

Cruel
Clear class levels
Countryside
Communications

Question 2

What is the feudal system?

Answer 2

Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service of banter.

Question 3

What are popular recreations?

Answer 3

The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain.

Question 4

What were activities like in pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 4

• Activities were aggressive.
• Male dominant.
• Reflected a harsh society.
• Lot’s of damage to poverty.
• Lot’s of injuries.

Question 5

What are the Socio-cultural factors in Pre industrial Britain?

Answer 5

• Limited transport/communications
• Illiteracy/uneducated
• Harsh society
• Seasonal time/long working hours
• Pre industrial/pre urban revolution
• Two tier society/feudal system

Question 6

What are popular recreational characteristics to reflect these socio-cultural factors.

Answer 6

• Sport was localised
• Limited organisation/simple rules/uncodified
• Sports were violent/highly aggressive
• Occasional/ part of a festival occasion
• Rural/natural/simple
• Gentry/upper class activities were clearly separated from lower class/ peasant activities.

Question 7

What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of limited transport/communications?

Answer 7

Sport was localised.

Question 8

What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of illiteracy?

Answer 8

Limited organisation/simple rules/uncodified.

Question 9

What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of a harsh society?

Answer 9

Sports were violent/aggressive.

Question 10

What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of seasonal time/long working hours?

Answer 10

Occasional/part of a festival occasion.

Question 11

What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of pre industrial/pre urban revolutionary?

Answer 11

Rural/natural/simple.

Question 12

What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of Two tier society/federal system?

Answer 12

Gentry/upper class activities were clearly separated from lower class/ peasant activities.

Question 13

Who played mob football?

Answer 13

The lower class in society, reflecting the clear division of society into two tiers.

Question 14

What was mob football?

Answer 14

An example of an activity played in pre industrial Britain which very much reflected the characteristics of popular recreations and socio-cultural factors evident at the time.

Question 15

Where was mob football played?

Answer 15

It was localised due to limited transport being available.

Question 16

What did they play mob football with?

Answer 16

Natural resources such as a pigs bladder.

Question 17

What was mob football like?

Answer 17

• Aggressive
• Male dominated
• Illiteracy meant not many rules

Question 18

What was real tennis?

Answer 18

An activity played in pre-industrial Britain, but it did not reflect the typical popular recreations characteristics of many activities of the time.

Question 19

Who played real tennis?

Answer 19

It was an exclusive activity, played by the upper class males of society.

Question 20

How was real tennis played?

Answer 20

Played to a high moral code so it lacked violence and was instead played in a civilised manner.

Question 21

When was real tennis played?

Answer 21

Due to lot’s of leisure time the upper class were able to play real tennis on a regular basis in expensive, purpose built facilities using expensive special equipment.

Question 22

Where was real tennis played?

Answer 22

The upper class had the ability to travel to play real tennis so it was non-local nature.

Question 23

What was real tennis like?

Answer 23

It was a skilful game with difficult technical demands, which enabled the upper class to show their ‘superiority over the lower class’.

Question 24

What was athletics?

Answer 24

Athletics in pre-industrial Britain took the form of an activity known as Foot Racing.

Question 25

Who took part in athletics?

Answer 25

Footmen competed as messengers for the upper class for their speed of movement across open lad.

Question 26

What was athletics like?

Answer 26

A form of competitive running/walking in the 17/18 century involving feats of endurance. As time went on racing developed with some ‘challenge rules’. The foot racers/pedestrians were allowed to compete against one another, with a wagering on how many miles they could in a specified time period.

Question 27

What impact would success have for the upper class and the performer in athletics (foot racing)?

Answer 27

Success in athletics meant increased social status for a ‘gentlemen’ so the upper class were very happy to act as patrons to the working class performers.

Question 28

What does patron mean?

Answer 28

Member of the gentry who looked after the lower-class performer, e.g by arranging competitions for them to participate in, putting up prize money and generally looking after the welfare of the performer.

Question 29

What were the characteristics of popular recreation linked to pre 1780 festivals?

Answer 29

• Set in a rural location
• Betting occurred
• Rules were simple/ unwritten
• Occurred annually

Question 30

Reasons activities got banned?

Answer 30

• Violent
• Led to injury/ deaths
• Involved gambling
• Linked to alcohol consumption/ drunken behaviour

Question 31

What does HITFOR stand for?

Answer 31

• Health and Hygiene
• Lack of Income
• Lack of Time
• Facility provision was lacking
• Overcrowding and lack of space
• Loss of rights

Question 32

What 6 groups of people helped the development of sport in Britain?

Answer 32

• Teachers
• Clergy
• Industrialists/ factory owners
• Officers
• Diplomats
• National governing bodies

Question 33

What is an example of a sporting team that was influenced by a church?

Answer 33

Aston Villa originated from Villa Cross Methodist Church.

Question 34

What influence did the church have on sport?

Answer 34

• Churches provided facilities (e.g Halls)
• Encouraged civilised behaviour
• Increased attendance at church ceremonies and holy days
• The church organised sports teams such as football

Question 35

What are the 9 characteristics of Rational Recreation?

Answer 35

1) Played regionally, nationally, internationally
2) Respectable
3) Regular
4) Rule Based
5) Gambling controlled
6) Impact on religion
7) Impact on revolutions
8)
9)

Question 36

What is foot racing?

Answer 36

Was a walking/running based sport that required speed and endurance by the footmen performers.

Question 37

What were public provisions?

Answer 37

The development of facilities through middle class philanthropists.

Question 38

What was the move to professionalism?

Answer 38

The middle classes helped in the development of early commercial/professional sport.

Question 39

Why was there an increased leisure time in post industrial Britain?

Answer 39

Workers were given more time off by the middle classes to participate in sport.

Question 40

What is codification?

Answer 40

The development of strict rules as public school and university old boys played a key role in the formation of many national governing bodies of sport.

Question 41

What was lawn tennis?

Answer 41

Originally called ‘sphairistike’ and played on an hourglass shaped court before it’s name and court shape were quickly replaced.