Pre Industrial Britain Flashcards
What are the 4 C’s in terms of what life was like in pre-industrial Britain?
Cruel
Clear class levels
Countryside
Communications
What is the feudal system?
Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service of banter.
What are popular recreations?
The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain.
What were activities like in pre-industrial Britain?
- Activities were aggressive.
- Male dominant.
- Reflected a harsh society.
- Lot’s of damage to poverty.
- Lot’s of injuries.
What are the Socio-cultural factors in Pre industrial Britain?
- Limited transport/communications
- Illiteracy/uneducated
- Harsh society
- Seasonal time/long working hours
- Pre industrial/pre urban revolution
- Two tier society/feudal system
What are popular recreational characteristics to reflect these socio-cultural factors.
- Sport was localised
- Limited organisation/simple rules/uncodified
- Sports were violent/highly aggressive
- Occasional/ part of a festival occasion
- Rural/natural/simple
- Gentry/upper class activities were clearly separated from lower class/ peasant activities.
What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of limited transport/communications?
Sport was localised.
What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of illiteracy?
Limited organisation/simple rules/uncodified.
What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of a harsh society?
Sports were violent/aggressive.
What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of seasonal time/long working hours?
Occasional/part of a festival occasion.
What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of pre industrial/pre urban revolutionary?
Rural/natural/simple.
What was a characteristic that reflects the factor of Two tier society/federal system?
Gentry/upper class activities were clearly separated from lower class/ peasant activities.
Who played mob football?
The lower class in society, reflecting the clear division of society into two tiers.
What was mob football?
An example of an activity played in pre industrial Britain which very much reflected the characteristics of popular recreations and socio-cultural factors evident at the time.
Where was mob football played?
It was localised due to limited transport being available.
What did they play mob football with?
Natural resources such as a pigs bladder.
What was mob football like?
- Aggressive
- Male dominated
- Illiteracy meant not many rules
What was real tennis?
An activity played in pre-industrial Britain, but it did not reflect the typical popular recreations characteristics of many activities of the time.
Who played real tennis?
It was an exclusive activity, played by the upper class males of society.
How was real tennis played?
Played to a high moral code so it lacked violence and was instead played in a civilised manner.
When was real tennis played?
Due to lot’s of leisure time the upper class were able to play real tennis on a regular basis in expensive, purpose built facilities using expensive special equipment.
Where was real tennis played?
The upper class had the ability to travel to play real tennis so it was non-local nature.
What was real tennis like?
It was a skilful game with difficult technical demands, which enabled the upper class to show their ‘superiority over the lower class’.
What was athletics?
Athletics in pre-industrial Britain took the form of an activity known as Foot Racing.
Who took part in athletics?
Footmen competed as messengers for the upper class for their speed of movement across open lad.
What was athletics like?
A form of competitive running/walking in the 17/18 century involving feats of endurance. As time went on racing developed with some ‘challenge rules’. The foot racers/pedestrians were allowed to compete against one another, with a wagering on how many miles they could in a specified time period.
What impact would success have for the upper class and the performer in athletics (foot racing)?
Success in athletics meant increased social status for a ‘gentlemen’ so the upper class were very happy to act as patrons to the working class performers.
What does patron mean?
Member of the gentry who looked after the lower-class performer, e.g by arranging competitions for them to participate in, putting up prize money and generally looking after the welfare of the performer.
What were the characteristics of popular recreation linked to pre 1780 festivals?
- Set in a rural location
- Betting occurred
- Rules were simple/ unwritten
- Occurred annually
Reasons activities got banned?
- Violent
- Led to injury/ deaths
- Involved gambling
- Linked to alcohol consumption/ drunken behaviour
What does HITFOR stand for?
- Health and Hygiene
- Lack of Income
- Lack of Time
- Facility provision was lacking
- Overcrowding and lack of space
- Loss of rights
What 6 groups of people helped the development of sport in Britain?
- Teachers
- Clergy
- Industrialists/ factory owners
- Officers
- Diplomats
- National governing bodies
What is an example of a sporting team that was influenced by a church?
Aston Villa originated from Villa Cross Methodist Church.
What influence did the church have on sport?
- Churches provided facilities (e.g Halls)
- Encouraged civilised behaviour
- Increased attendance at church ceremonies and holy days
- The church organised sports teams such as football
What are the 9 characteristics of Rational Recreation?
1) Played regionally, nationally, internationally
2) Respectable
3) Regular
4) Rule Based
5) Gambling controlled
6) Impact on religion
7) Impact on revolutions
8)
9)
What is foot racing?
Was a walking/running based sport that required speed and endurance by the footmen performers.
What were public provisions?
The development of facilities through middle class philanthropists.
What was the move to professionalism?
The middle classes helped in the development of early commercial/professional sport.
Why was there an increased leisure time in post industrial Britain?
Workers were given more time off by the middle classes to participate in sport.
What is codification?
The development of strict rules as public school and university old boys played a key role in the formation of many national governing bodies of sport.
What was lawn tennis?
Originally called ‘sphairistike’ and played on an hourglass shaped court before it’s name and court shape were quickly replaced.
