Industrial & Post Industrial Britain Flashcards
(27 cards)
What was the industrial revolution?
The industrial revolution was a key period in British history which witnessed massive changes in the way people lived their lives.
What was the main result of the industrial revolution?
It led to more of the population being concentrated in towns and cities working in factories, as opposed to living in the countryside and working off the land.
What is rational recreation?
In the 19th Century, these were sports pass times for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled.
Why did people find it hard to play rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th Century?
- Lack of leisure time
- Lack of income
- Migration of the lower classes into the cities
- Poor health
- Loss of rights
- Lack of public provisions
What does HITFOR stand for?
- Health and Hygiene
- Lack of Income
- Lack of Time
- Facility provisions
- Overcrowding
- Loss of rights
How did things change to allow more people to play rationalised sports in the second half of the 19th Century?
- Three tier society developed
- Ex public school boys (FA created)
- Increased in wages and time for sport
- Communication
- Values of athleticism
- Improved health
Who founded the Wenlock Olympian Games?
Dr William Penny Brookes
What is urbanisation?
When a large number of people Migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories.
How did urbanisation help develop sports? (4 points)
- Overcrowding lead to a reason to build purpose built facilities (e.g football, grounds)
- An increase in middle class lead to a higher demand for entertainment.
- Traditional sports such as mob football got banned so a need for more sports increased.
- Wages and time off work allowed more people to participate in sports.
How did the railway (trains) develop sport? (4 points)
- Movement of teams/spectators allowed nationwide fixtures to develop on a regular basis.
- Improved access to different parts of the country, which led to leagues being able to form.
- Trains became cheaper which allowed people with lower incomes still being able to follow their teams.
- It improves access to the countryside so activities in rural areas were reachable and affordable.
How did the church influence sport?
- The church provided facilities for sports such as halls.
- It encouraged civilised behaviour which helped with the movement from popular recreations to rational recreations.
- The church organised church football teams (Sunday school teams).
- Muscular Christianity
What is muscular Christianity?
The church used sport to encourage more people to go to church. For example, people wanted to go to Sunday school so they can play football.
What does codification mean?
The development of strict rules as public school and university old boys played a key role in the formation of many National Governing bodies of sport.
What is competition?
The development of leagues and competitions via middle class involvement in public school/ universities/ clubs/ NGB’s/ factory/ church teams.
What does increased leisure time mean?
Workers were given more time off by the middle classes to participate in sport.
What were Philanthropists?
Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscious and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class.
How did teachers help the development of sport throughout the British empire?
They developed teams and taught traditional sporting values.
How did the clergy help the development of sport throughout the British empire?
They developed churched teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad.
How did factory owners help the development of sport throughout the British empire?
They set up teams and gave workers time off to compete.
How did officers in the British army help the development of sport throughout the British empire?
Sport was spread throughout the army.
How did diplomats help the development of sport throughout the British empire?
They travelled the world and took sport with them.
How did the National governing bodies (NGB) help develop sport throughout the British empire?
They codified sports and established leagues and competitions that eventually went international.
Identify 5 characteristics of Rational Recreation and how it impacted society?
- Played regionally, nationally and internationally.
- Respectable (sportsmanship)
- Regular
- Rule based (codified)
- Purpose built facilities
- Amateurism and professionalism
Why was there a development of the NGB’s? (5 points)
- Sport was becoming more popular
- More teams and clubs were being formed
- Leagues and competitions were required for these teams to compete
- More National and international fixtures
- National agreed rules and codification
