Industrial & Post Industrial Britain

Question 1

What was the industrial revolution?

Answer 1

The industrial revolution was a key period in British history which witnessed massive changes in the way people lived their lives.

Question 2

What was the main result of the industrial revolution?

Answer 2

It led to more of the population being concentrated in towns and cities working in factories, as opposed to living in the countryside and working off the land.

Question 3

What is rational recreation?

Answer 3

In the 19th Century, these were sports pass times for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled.

Question 4

Why did people find it hard to play rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th Century?

Answer 4

• Lack of leisure time
• Lack of income
• Migration of the lower classes into the cities
• Poor health
• Loss of rights
• Lack of public provisions

Question 5

What does HITFOR stand for?

Answer 5

• Health and Hygiene
• Lack of Income
• Lack of Time
• Facility provisions
• Overcrowding
• Loss of rights

Question 6

How did things change to allow more people to play rationalised sports in the second half of the 19th Century?

Answer 6

• Three tier society developed
• Ex public school boys (FA created)
• Increased in wages and time for sport
• Communication
• Values of athleticism
• Improved health

Question 7

Who founded the Wenlock Olympian Games?

Answer 7

Dr William Penny Brookes

Question 8

What is urbanisation?

Answer 8

When a large number of people Migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories.

Question 9

How did urbanisation help develop sports? (4 points)

Answer 9

• Overcrowding lead to a reason to build purpose built facilities (e.g football, grounds)
• An increase in middle class lead to a higher demand for entertainment.
• Traditional sports such as mob football got banned so a need for more sports increased.
• Wages and time off work allowed more people to participate in sports.

Question 10

How did the railway (trains) develop sport? (4 points)

Answer 10

• Movement of teams/spectators allowed nationwide fixtures to develop on a regular basis.
• Improved access to different parts of the country, which led to leagues being able to form.
• Trains became cheaper which allowed people with lower incomes still being able to follow their teams.
• It improves access to the countryside so activities in rural areas were reachable and affordable.

Question 11

How did the church influence sport?

Answer 11

• The church provided facilities for sports such as halls.
• It encouraged civilised behaviour which helped with the movement from popular recreations to rational recreations.
• The church organised church football teams (Sunday school teams).
• Muscular Christianity

Question 12

What is muscular Christianity?

Answer 12

The church used sport to encourage more people to go to church. For example, people wanted to go to Sunday school so they can play football.

Question 13

What does codification mean?

Answer 13

The development of strict rules as public school and university old boys played a key role in the formation of many National Governing bodies of sport.

Question 14

What is competition?

Answer 14

The development of leagues and competitions via middle class involvement in public school/ universities/ clubs/ NGB’s/ factory/ church teams.

Question 15

What does increased leisure time mean?

Answer 15

Workers were given more time off by the middle classes to participate in sport.

Question 16

What were Philanthropists?

Answer 16

Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscious and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class.

Question 17

How did teachers help the development of sport throughout the British empire?

Answer 17

They developed teams and taught traditional sporting values.

Question 18

How did the clergy help the development of sport throughout the British empire?

Answer 18

They developed churched teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad.

Question 19

How did factory owners help the development of sport throughout the British empire?

Answer 19

They set up teams and gave workers time off to compete.

Question 20

How did officers in the British army help the development of sport throughout the British empire?

Answer 20

Sport was spread throughout the army.

Question 21

How did diplomats help the development of sport throughout the British empire?

Answer 21

They travelled the world and took sport with them.

Question 22

How did the National governing bodies (NGB) help develop sport throughout the British empire?

Answer 22

They codified sports and established leagues and competitions that eventually went international.

Question 23

Identify 5 characteristics of Rational Recreation and how it impacted society?

Answer 23

• Played regionally, nationally and internationally.
• Respectable (sportsmanship)
• Regular
• Rule based (codified)
• Purpose built facilities
• Amateurism and professionalism

Question 24

Why was there a development of the NGB’s? (5 points)

Answer 24

• Sport was becoming more popular
• More teams and clubs were being formed
• Leagues and competitions were required for these teams to compete
• More National and international fixtures
• National agreed rules and codification

Question 25

Why did some NGB try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport?

Answer 25

• Wanted the upper/middle class to maintain control of sport.
• Preserve amateur ideal in sport.
• They didn’t like losing to the lower class.

Question 26

What is the definition of an amateur?

Answer 26

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.

Question 27

What is the definition of a professional?

Answer 27

A person who plays sport for financial gain.