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ARE 5.0 _ FL _ Const Eval > Pre-Construction > Flashcards

Pre-Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five general types of project delivery?

A
  • Design-Bid-Build
  • Construction Manager as Adviser
  • Construction Manager as Constructor
  • Design-Build
  • Integrated Project Delivery
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2
Q

What are the basic aspects of the Design-Bid-Build project delivery method?

A
  • Designer completes the drawings, project is bid to contractors, project is awarded, and pre-construction commences
  • Typically uses one of the AIA B100-series Agreements
  • Typically uses one of the AIA A200-series General Conditions documents
  • Architect’s main role in pre-construction is to assist with the bidding process
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3
Q

What are the general aspects of pre-qualifying contractors to bid?

A
  • Usually evaluated on the following aspects:
  • Financial aspects
  • Personnel / expertise
  • Experience
  • Size of company
  • Bonding capability / limits
  • Reference
  • In public work, typically only financial and size aspects may be evaluated
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4
Q

What are the basic aspects of the two ways to recruit contractors to bid on a project?

A

Advertisement for Bid

  • Contains basic information about the project and the bidding process
  • Often published in a periodical and/or distributed to trade organizations
  • Usually required to do is this way for public work

Invitation to Bid

  • Contains the same project information as Advertisement, plus often includes plans and/or specifications
  • Sent to specific contractors, often who have already been pre-qualified to bid
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5
Q

What is an Addendum during the bidding process?

A
  • A written or drawn document that modifies the the bidding documents
  • May result from discoveries of errors/omissions, answers to bidding RFIs, substitution request, or own-/architect-initiated changes
  • Must be submitted to ALL bidders no later than five (typically) days before bids are due
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6
Q

What is the AIA document for “Instructions to Bidders”?

A

AIA A701

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7
Q

What are the basic aspects of Bid Opening?

A
  • Occurs after the bids have been received, a process of making the information in those bids available
  • For public projects, Bid Opening usually must be public, and is traditionally done in-person and out-loud
  • For private projects, Bid Opening may be private, can be done in a variety of ways (call, document, email), and may not be done at all
  • The bids of each bidder are stated, along with presence or absence of supporting documentation is noted. A bid log (list or tabulation of bid amount, alternates, ETC) is also made available
  • The acknowledgement or selection of lowest bid is NOT annouced at Bid Opening
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8
Q

Under what conditions may a bidder withdraw their bid after having submitted it?

A

If they discover and can prove that a clerical or mathematical error has been made in the bid.

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9
Q

What are the four possible outcomes if all bids come in above the project budget?

A

Re-Bid the Project As-Is

  • Bid the project to a new group of bidders
  • Architect must assist with the process at no additional cost
  • Usually only affective if the bidding enviroment is changing rapidly

Re-Work the Project

  • Revise the documents and specifications to reduce the cost
  • Architect must assist witht he process at no additional cost

Increase the Project Budget
- Decision by owner

Abandon the Project

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10
Q

What is typically included in the Bidding Documents? How are they incuded in the project?

A
  • They are included in the Project Manual but they are not part of the Contract Documents
  • Typically include:
  • Advertisement/Invitation to Bid
  • Instructions to Bidders
  • Supplementary Instructions to Bidders (if any)
  • Bid Forms
  • Bid Security Information
  • Performance Bond (if required)
  • Labor and materials payment bond (if required)
  • May also include:
  • Qualification forms
  • Proposed sub-contractor list
  • Certificates of Insurance
  • Certificates of compliance
  • Surveys and other data made available to bidders
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11
Q

What is not part of the Bidding Documents but is provided to bidders with the bid package?

A
  • Drawings
  • Specifications
  • General Conditions of the contract
  • Supplementary Conditions of the contract
  • Special Conditions of the contract (if any)
  • Any Addenda issued
  • Form of agreement between the owner and contractor
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12
Q

What are the general aspects of the Instructions to Bidders?

A
  • They describe
  • Bidding procedures that must be followed
  • How the bids will be evaluated
  • What submittals will be required of the selected bidder
  • Typically uses the AIA A701 “Instructiont to Bidders” form
  • If the project requires special instructions, it is recommended to not modify A701, but rather include them in Supplementary Instructions to Bidders.
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13
Q

What is typically included in the Instructions to Bidders?

A
  • *Bidders Representations**
  • Legal confirmation that the bidder understands all requirements,has reviewed all documents and information provided, and has visited the site.*
  • *Bidding Documents**
  • Instructions for how to obtain the bidding documents.*
  • *Interpretations and Corrections Article**
  • Requires that the bidders must carefully examine all documents and informations and report any errors or issues discovered at least seven days prior to when bids are due. Architect must provide clarification on any requested items in the form of an addendum.*
  • *Substitutions Article**
  • Requires that substitutions must mee the project standards. Gives procedures for submitting substitution proposals with supporting info at least 10 days prior to when bids are due. Architect must evaluate and give a response in the form or an addendum.*
  • *Bidding Procedures**
  • Describes the procedures for submitting bids as well as how to transmit other forms of information during bidding.*
  • *Modification and Withdrawl**
  • Describes how the bid may be modified or withdrawn. Can only be done before the bid due date. Usually done by writing directly over top of the signature on the bid.*
  • *Condsideration of Bids**
  • Describes how the bids will be evaluated and on what criteria they may be rejected. Affirms that submitted alternates may be accepted in any combination.*
  • *Post-Bid Informations**
  • Documents that are required to be submitted by the bidder that is selected.*
  • *Proof of Finances Article**
  • Affirms that the bidder may request that the owner submit proof that they can finance the project.*
  • *Performance and Payment Bonds Article**
  • Procedures for receiving bonds after*
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14
Q

What is Bid Security?

A

An amount that the bidder must pay if are selected but refuse to enter into contract.

In order to be valid, the bidder must have submitted a valid bid and not withdrawn it before the cut-off date.

It is intended to cover the difference between the low bidder and the next lowest bidder.

It may be a fixed amount set in the bid documents, a percentage of the estimated project cost, or a percentage of the bid amount (the latter two typically being 5%)

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15
Q

What are the basic aspects of a Performance Bond?

A
  • A bond from a surety company who will pay out if the contractor cannot fulfill their obligations.
  • Premium is usually payed by the owner.
  • Payout can be to the existing contractor for the purpose of completing the project or to a new contractor hired after the existing defaults
  • Usually required on public projects
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16
Q

What are the basic aspects of a Payment Bond?

A
  • Ensures the payment of sub-contractors and vendors in the event the general contractor fails to fulfill their duties
  • Acts in additional to a Performance Bond, which does not cover these things
  • Helps protect the property against liens
  • Is usually paid by the owner
17
Q

What are the general aspects of pre-construction activities for a CM as Advisor and CM as Constructor?

A

For both:

  • Most pre-con activities are similar to Design-Bid-Build
  • The architect must work with the CM on estimating, schedule creation, constructibility assessment, ETC, including:
  • Making adjustments if the CM’s estimates are over the owner’s budget
  • Supply preliminay specs and respond to CM’s requested adjustments
  • Cost estimates are not part of the architect’s responsibilities, and the architect only submits a schedule (to the CM) for design services
  • If at the end of DD, the CM’s estimate is over the owner’s budget AND the owner elects to revise the scope/program/ETC, the architect must make adjustments without additional compensation.

For CM as Advisor:

  • AIA forms A132, B132, A232, and B232 are typically used
  • If the owner elects to negotiate the contract instead of bidding it, the architect must work with the ownre and CM to assist in this process
  • With CM as Advisor there may be multiple prime contractors (unlike CM as Constructor)

For CM as Constructor:

  • AIA form B133 is typically used
18
Q

What are the general aspects of pre-construction acvitivies for Design-Build?

A
  • AIA form B143 is typically used
  • The responsibilities of the architect vary depending on what the owner and constructor agree on. The architect may have few or no CA responsibilities
  • If the estimate for the portion of the work that the architect is responsible for comes in over the allowable amount (per the contract structure), then:
  • Constructor may increase the budget for that work
  • Constructor may re-bid/re-negotiate the allowable amount
  • Constructor may terminate the architect’s contract
  • Constructor may voluntarily re-work the scope or quality of the work (in which case the architect must re-design for no additional compensation)
19
Q

What are the general aspects of pre-construction activities for Integrated Project Delivery?

A
  • AIA forms used are:
  • B195 or A295 for “Transitional Forms” method
  • Other unique agreements for “Multi-Party Agreements” or “Single Purpose Entity” method
  • Pre-con resposponsibilities of the architect are limited to agency review and assisting with buy-out
  • Buy-out is the process of negotiating and selecting sub-contractors and vendors who have not been part of the IPD process. The architect may be required to provide support for this process, including answering questions and reviewing bids or shop drawings.
20
Q

What are the two ways (methods) a contractor can be selected for a public project?

A
  • Based purely on the lowest bid that meets all requirements
  • Based on the lowest bid that meets all requirements adjusted for “value”
21
Q

What are the fundamental principles of the architects role in cost estimating/cost control in Design-Bid-Build?

A
  • The architect is responsible for providing a cost estimate, but this is ‘only an estimate’
  • Final price comes from bidding/negotiating the project
  • The architect cannot and does not guarantee the final construction cost
22
Q

What are the general aspects of Alternates in the bid?

A
  • An insturction for the bidder to include a price for variation in, addition of, or removal of a part of the construction
  • Add Alternate: a additional item
  • Deduct Alternat: a removal item
23
Q

What are the general aspects of an Allowance in bidding?

A
  • An amount of money allocated for a construction element who’s cost cannot be determined at the moment
  • Provided in the Specifications, so that all bidders use the same amount
  • Each bidder must also add the price for handling and installing the item + overhead and profit
  • If the cost of the Allowance ends up being more or less than the original amount, the contrct sum is adjusted at that time.
24
Q

What are the architect’s responsibilities with respect to cost control for CM as Advisor and CM as Constructor?

A
  • The architect does not have direct responsibility for estimating, but must provide assistance to the CM in their estimating efforts
  • The architect reviews requests for substitutions by the CM, provides clarifications on the drawings and specifications, ETC
  • The architect has no responsibility for guaranteeing cost or price
  • The architect assits the owner in reviewing the CM’s proposed GMP or Control Estimate
25
Q

What are the architect’s responsibilities with respect to cost control for Design-Build?

A
  • The architect may have no responsibilities depending on which services are selected for this partictular contract
  • The constructor negotiates a stipulated sum, cost of work + fee, or cost of work + fee with GMP. The architect must work within the constructor’s obligation to the owner.

ARE 5.0 _ FL _ Const Eval (2 decks)

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