Pre-Columbian America and Initial Colonization Flashcards
1
Q
Serbia land bridge
A
- Polar ice sheet that native american ancestors crossed in order to migrate into North America from Russia to alaska
- eventually submerged and creating a strait.
2
Q
American Southwest
A
- After advent of maize cultivation.Hunted but relied on organized agriculture with irrigation systems
- complex urban settlements
EX: Pueblo
3
Q
American Northeast (+CA)
A
-sophisticated methods for hunting, fishing, and some forage.
- Fixed settlements. Led to rare contact and conflict with other groups.
- held social structures
EX: Chinook
4
Q
Great Basin and the Great Plains
A
- permanent settlement impossible
- relied on large migratory game, thus small groups on vast land (nomads)
EX: Plain Indians like the Pawnee. Hunted bison and lived in teepees
5
Q
Northeast and Atlantic Seaboard
A
- utilized multicrop cultivation patterns (maize, beans,and squash) to make stable villages
- terrain made small communitiesof self governing bodies
EX: Iroquois and the Algonquian
6
Q
New World goods
A
- corn, potatoes, etc. that became staple foods in Europe and Africa aiding in population growth.
7
Q
Old World goods
A
- Sugar, coffee, etc. that thrived in warm central and south america and initiating cash crops under the plantation system.
- Cattle and horses, the latter especially aiding nomadic Apache and Sioux of the Plains.
8
Q
Old world disease
A
- no natural resistance in natives
- unintentional
- yellow fever, smallpox
- reduced up to 90% of populations
9
Q
Treaty of Tordesillas
A
- Pope “drew a line” between Spain and Portugal for colonization
- Spain: West Hemisphere minus Brazil
- Portugal: Asia and Brazil
Showed how both countries were the forefront of exploration
10
Q
Motivation for exploration
A
- God: spread religious views
- Glory: Prove their country was most powerful; beat old rivals
- Gold: made capital and shift to capitalism
11
Q
Encomienda system
A
- granted colonists rights to the labor of natives in exchange for providing food, shelter, and their religious beliefs.
- used for sugar plantations and silver mines
- used until most died of disease
12
Q
Bartolome da las Casas
A
- Missionary who opposed the encomienda system
13
Q
Popé’s Rebellion in 1680
A
- Pueblo natives rebel against Spanish missionaries violently
14
Q
Shift to African Labor
A
- As natives died of disease, slaves of west Africa were imported to a scale unprecedented by Arab and African slave traders in the past.
