Colonization of North America Flashcards
Initial intentions of Spanish in Americas and shift
- Initial: search of precious metals
- once french took interest, Spanish made colonization efforts
Decline of Spanish economic benefits
- other imperial nation pressures
- internal domestic problems
- large expense of military defense
Led to intermarrying with natives to accommodate what colonies they had left.
Dutch settlement
- late 1500s
- established New Netherland and New Amsterdam
- Few came with frequent native attacks
French settlement
- Settled in cold Quebec and Nova Scotia that were sparse.
- Forbade escape of prosecuted groups like the Huguenots
- most returned to france
Mississippi Valley (1682)
- Claimed by French and called Louisiana after King Louis XIV.
- Eventual military and economic strategic location
English colonies
- Restricted by French control of past the Appalachians a
- early 1600s along east coast
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
France loses war of Spanish Succession, losing - Newfoundland - Hudson Bay - Acadia (Nava Scotia) to Britain.
Sign of Brits gaining control of the U.S in the future
Jamestown
- First Brit colony in N.A by the Virginia Company
- Struck with disease. Dependent on natives and homeland
- Economy stable after success in tobacco cultivation by John Rolfe.
- Burned down twice
Plymouth
- Religious separatists who sought autonomy from the Anglican Church on the Mayflower(1620).
- Created Mayflower Compact: 1st form of self government in the colonies
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Puritans who ran from persecution from the Crown and Anglican church.
- Under calvinism, became a theocracy (all matters decided and centered around the church).
Other New England Colonies
- Connecticut
- Rhode Island
- New Hampshire
Latter 2 absorbed by Bay Colony
Roger Williams
Rhode Island advocate of separation of church and state.
- established religious freedom for all
- Banished to Bay Colony, but colony granted religious freedom later.
Middle Colonies
- New York
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
Established by Quaker William Penn and was one of the most democratic at the time.
Southern and Chesapeake Bay colonies
- Virgina becomes economic powerhouse by 1700s with tobacco trade and other labor crops
- Maryland made by Lord Baltimore as a refuge for Catholics, but tension ensued from conflict with Protestants
Maryland Toleration Act
guaranteed freedom of worship for christians only
salutary neglect
- British had limited intervention and management of the colonies
- 1650-1763
The Navigation Laws
- Series of strict trade polices to promote English shipping by doing it exclusively with them
- Later amended to allow customs to search and seize smuggled goods
- largely not enforced
The Wool (1699), Hat (1732), and Iron (1750) Acts
- Tried to decrease America capital in comparison to Brits by stating they could not manufacture their own commodities.
EX: Hat Act. Fur caps were popular, but materials were sent to Britain to be made and sold even back to the U.S
Molasses Act (1733)
- Essential ingredient in rum (popular)
- Attempt to control sugar sale to colonies
- Not well enforced and most sugar come from the Caribbean islands
Bacon’s Rebellion
- Colonial gov was more interested with crown than with the people, a common trend
- natives were disliked and Bacon led a rebellion that was met with Governor Berkeley retaliation and Bacon’s death met with their defeat.
Georgia colony
- used as a disciplinary colony by the English
- barrier to spanish
