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Medical Scribe > Pre-Classroom Flashcards (Physical Exam) > Flashcards

Pre-Classroom Flashcards (Physical Exam)

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Somnolent

A

Drowsy or sleepy disposition.

General Appearance

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2
Q

Cachectic / Emaciated

A

Physically wasting (extremely thin)

General Appearance

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3
Q

Morbidly Obese

A

Large body mass index (BMI)

General Appearance

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4
Q

Nontoxic Appearing

A

Well-appearing patient in minimal distress (often used to describe normal pediatric patients).

General Appearance

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5
Q

Normocephalic

A

Normal Appearance and size of the head.

Head

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6
Q

Atraumatic

A

No signs of trauma present.

Head

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7
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen.

Integumentary

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8
Q

Pallor

A

Unhealthy paleness of the skin.

Integumentary

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9
Q

Erythema

A

Superficial reddening of the skin.

Integumentary

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10
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of skin due to abnormal bilirubin build-up.

Integumentary

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11
Q

Abrasion

A

Superficial wound to the top most layer of the skin.

Integumentary

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12
Q

Contusion

A

A region of skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured; AKA bruise.

Integumentary

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13
Q

Ecchymosis

A

An area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion; AKA bruise.

Integumentary

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14
Q

Laceration

A

A cut in the skin.

Integumentary

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15
Q

Puncture

A

A small hole in the skin.

Integumentary

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16
Q

Wheal

A

Round, localized area of edema on the skin.

Integumentary

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17
Q

Wheal-and-Flare

A

(a reaction) rash or hives (irregular, blanched raised areas with redness).

Integumentary

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18
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching.

Integumentary

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19
Q

Maculopapular

A

Rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps).

Integumentary

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20
Q

Pustules

A

Small collection of pus under the skin.

Integumentary

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21
Q

Bullae

A

Fluid-filled blisters

Integumentary

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22
Q

Petechiae

A

A small round flat dark-red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane.

Integumentary

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23
Q

Purpura

A

Purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed).

Integumentary

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24
Q

Induration

A

A hardened area of normally soft tissue

Integumentary

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25
Q

Fluctuance

A

Movable and compressible.

Integumentary

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26
Q

Hemangioma

A

A benign tumor consisting of blood vessels.

Integumentary

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27
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

Injury to skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure on the skin.

Integumentary

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28
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil; lets light into the eye.

Eyes

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29
Q

Sclera

A

The dense fibrous opaque oter coat enclosing the eyeball - except the part covered by the cornea.

Eyes

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30
Q

Conjunctiva

A

White area of the eyes.

Eyes

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31
Q

Icterus

A

Yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build-up (often seen with jaundice).

Eyes

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32
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A

Bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels.

Eyes

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33
Q

Extraocular Movements Intact (EOMI)

A

Appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with “follow my finger”

Eyes

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34
Q

Pupils equal, round and reactive to light (PERRL)

A

normal evaluation of the size, shape of the pupils and their reaction to light.

Eyes

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35
Q

Papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure

Eyes

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36
Q

Visual Acuity

A

acuteness / sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart

Eyes

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37
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bulging of eyes out of socket

Eyes

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38
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary rapid eye movements - often reported as horizontal, vertical, or rotary.

Eyes

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39
Q

Erythema of the External Canal

A

redness of the outer ear canal

Ears

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40
Q

Cerumen Impaction

A

excessive earwax

Ears

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41
Q

Tympanic Membrane (TM)

A

Eardrum

Ears

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42
Q

Erythematous TM

A

red color of the TM

Ears

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43
Q

Bulging TM

A

protruding / outward curvature of the TM.

Ears

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44
Q

Retracted TM

A

inward curve of the TM

Ears

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45
Q

Poor Light Reflect

A

cone of light does not reflect on TM

Ears

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46
Q

Unable to Visualize Landmarks

A

Provider cannot see landmarks behind TM

Ears

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47
Q

Hemotympanum

A

Blood on the TM

Ears

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48
Q

Mastoid Tenderness

A

tenderness over masoid bone (located posterior to ear)

Ears

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49
Q

Clear Rhinorrhea

A

clear nasal drainage

Nose

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50
Q

Septal Deviation

A

displacement of nasal septum

Nose

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51
Q

Septal Hematoma

A

bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum

Nose

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52
Q

Dry Mucous Membranes

A

dry mouth

Mouth

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53
Q

Tongue Laceration

A

cut on the tongue

Mouth

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54
Q

No Signs of Oral Trauma

A

no cuts / chipped teeth / etc.

Mouth

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55
Q

Dental Caries

A

cavities

Mouth

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56
Q

Poor Dentition

A

bad teeth

Mouth

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57
Q

Pericoronitis

A

infection of the gums

Mouth

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58
Q

Parotid Mass

A

enlargement of the parotid gland

Mouth

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59
Q

Trismus

A

inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles

Mouth

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60
Q

Normal Jaw Approximation

A

normal jaw alignment

Mouth

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61
Q

Malocclusion

A

misalignment of the teeth when mouth is closed

Mouth

62
Q

Uvula Midline

A

no deviation of the uvula to one side or another

Throat

63
Q

Pharyngeal Erythema

A

redness of the throat

Throat

64
Q

Pharyngeal Exudate

A

pus seen on the posterior throat

Throat

65
Q

Peritonsilar Abscess

A

deep abscess adjacted to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained)

Throat

66
Q

Neck Supple

A

normal movement / bending of the neck

Neck

67
Q

Carotid Bruit

A

abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery

Neck

68
Q

Jugular Vein Distension

A

swelling of the jugular vein (usually seen in heart failure patients)

Neck

69
Q

Cervical Vertebral Tenderness

A

pain along cervical spine

Neck

70
Q

No step-offs or crepitus

A

no misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated

Neck

71
Q

Anterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy

A

swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area

Neck

72
Q

Trachea Midline

A

no deviation of trachea from its usual location

Neck

73
Q

Meningismus

A

patient has neck stiffness, photophobia, and headache which may suggest meningitis

Neck

74
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

neck stiffness with neck movement

Neck

75
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow heart rate; less than 60 BPM

Heart

76
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast heart rate; greater than 100 BPM

Heart

77
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart.

Heart

78
Q

Systolic Murmur

A

heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping)

Heart

79
Q

Diastolic Murmur

A

heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling)

Heart

80
Q

Distant heart sounds

A

faint-sounding heart bearts

Heart

81
Q

Rubs

A

coarse sounds produced when the heart “rubs” on inflamed pericardium (heart tissue) during contractions

Heart

82
Q

Gallops

A

extra/abnormal heart sounds (should only heart 2 distinct sounds, but you hear 3 or 4 sounds)

Heart

83
Q

Clear to Auscultation (CTA)

A

no abnormal sounds heard with stethoscope

Respiratory

84
Q

Bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

Respiratory

85
Q

Tachypnea

A

abnormally rapid breathing

Respiratory

86
Q

Apnea

A

temporary absence or cessation of breathing

Respiratory

87
Q

Prolonged Inspiratory Expiratory Phase

A

increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases

Respiratory

88
Q

Rales / Crackles

A

wet, crackling sound with respiration

Respiratory

89
Q

Rhonchi

A

a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed; plural of rhonchus.

Respiratory

90
Q

Wheezes

A

difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways

Respiratory

91
Q

Stridor

A

harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages

Respiratory

92
Q

Intercostal Retractions

A

use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress / work of breathing) - sunken intercostal muscles (cas see ribs)

Respiratory

93
Q

Accessory Muscle Use

A

using extra muscles to breath (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm oand intercostal muscles)

Respiratory

94
Q

Costovertebral Angle Tenderness (CVAT)

A

angle in back where kidneys are (HCP taps); left, reight and bilateral - if pain then possible kidney pathology.

Back

95
Q

Paraspinal Muscle Tenderness

A

tenderness in muscles adjactent to spine

Back

96
Q

Midline Tenderness

A

tenderness directly over spine

Back

97
Q

No step-offs

A

no misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine

Back

98
Q

Straight Leg Raise

A

if pain, indivative of herniated disk

Back

99
Q

Saddle Anesthesia

A

loss of sensation around buttocks area

Back

100
Q

Distension

A

bloating

Gastrointestinal

101
Q

Gravid

A

pregnant

Gastrointestinal

102
Q

Ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Gastrointestinal

103
Q

Tympanitic

A

sound generated by examiner tapping his/her finger in contact with the distended belly due to extra gas / air in the large or small intestine.

Gastrointestinal

104
Q

Organomegaly

A

enlarged organ

Gastrointestinal

105
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

enlarged liver

Gastrointestinal

106
Q

Splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen

Gastrointestinal

107
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

pain in right upper quadrant that may indicate gallbladder infection

Gastrointestinal

108
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

palpation of the left lower quadrant cuses right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis.

Gastrointestinal

109
Q

McBurney’s Point Tenderness

A

tenderness to palpation in the mid-point of the right lower quadrant (RLQ) which can indiccate appendicitis.

Gastrointestinal

110
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and/or bowel through belly button

Gastrointestinal

111
Q

Grey Turner’s Sign

A

bruising in flank area (lower back area)

Gastrointestinal

112
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

bruising in the skin around the umbilicus

Gastrointestinal

113
Q

Guaiac (Hemoccult)

Positive or Negative

A

blood present / absent in stool

Rectal

114
Q

Rectal Tone

A

tone of rectal muscles during digital exam

Rectal

115
Q

Melena

A

dark, tarry like stool containing blood

Rectal

116
Q

Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT)

A

pain with movement of cervix

Pelvic

117
Q

Adnexal tenderness

A

tenderness in location of the ovaries and fallopian tubes

Pelvic

118
Q

Os Open / Closed

A

cervical os (opening to cervix) is open or closed

Pelvic

119
Q

Vaginal Vault

A

Vaginal canal

Pelvic

120
Q

POC

A

product of conception (fetus, placenta, etc.)

Pelvic

121
Q

Clubbing

A

deformity of finger / fingernail due to chronic cyanosis

Extremities

122
Q

Snuff Box Tenderness

A

pain in certain area of the wrist indicating a possible scaphoid bone fracture

Extremities

123
Q

Median / Ulnar / Radial Sensory Function

A

all these nerves run in forearm…tested in the hand exam

Extremities

124
Q

Pain Out of Proportion

A

excessive pain not matching the expected with pressure applied by the doctor

Extremities

125
Q

Valgus / Varus Stress Test

A

evaluation for knee instability

Extremities

126
Q

Homan’s Sign

A

pain in calf or popliteal region

Extremities

127
Q

Pitting Edema

A

persistent indention of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema

Extremities

128
Q

AKA / BKA

A

Above knee amputation / Below Knee Amputation

Extremities

129
Q

Ligamentous Laxity

A

loose ligaments

Extremities

130
Q

McMurray’s Test

A

rotation of knee causes pain

Extremities

131
Q

Lachman’s Test

A

pivot shift test causes pain

Extremities

132
Q

Bursa

A

small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint

Extremities

133
Q

Aphasia

A

loss of ability to express or understand speech

Neurological

134
Q

Dysphasia

A

having a difficult time finding what words to say

Neurological

135
Q

Dysarthria

A

difficult time communicating or articulation (i.e. slurred speech)

Neurological

136
Q

Purposeful Movements

A

patient moves upon painful stimulation

Neurological

137
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A

a scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury.

Neurological

138
Q

Localizes to pain

A

withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied

Neurological

139
Q

Grip Strength

A

tested usually by patient gripping HCP’s fingers (L+R+Bi)

Neurological

140
Q

Pronator Drift

A

hold palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)

Neurological

141
Q

Dysmetria

A

finger to nose exam

Neurological

142
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Neurological

143
Q

Ataxic Gait

A

walking abnormally and / or unsteady

Neurological

144
Q

Heel to Shin Test

A

test for coordination

Neurological

145
Q

Romberg’s Test

A

patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance

Neurological

146
Q

Heel Toe Gait

A

tests the stability of a patient’s gait.

Neurological

147
Q

Babinski Sign

A

a reflex - swipe sole of foot to see if big toe flexes up

Neurological

148
Q

Reflexes

A

involuntary / instantaneous movement

Neurological

149
Q

Affect

A

observed emotional state of a person

Psychiatric

150
Q

Orientation

A

orientation to person, place, time, and event (A/O x 4)

also can be A/O x 3 depending on where individual did medical training

Psychiatric

151
Q

Hallucinations (auditory or visual)

A

an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present

Psychiatric

152
Q

Suicidal (SI) / Homicidal Ideation (HI)

A

thoughts of suicide / thought of homocide

Psychiatric

Medical Scribe (9 decks)

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