Pre-Classroom Flashcards (Physical Exam)
1
Q
Somnolent
A
Drowsy or sleepy disposition.
General Appearance
2
Q
Cachectic / Emaciated
A
Physically wasting (extremely thin)
General Appearance
3
Q
Morbidly Obese
A
Large body mass index (BMI)
General Appearance
4
Q
Nontoxic Appearing
A
Well-appearing patient in minimal distress (often used to describe normal pediatric patients).
General Appearance
5
Q
Normocephalic
A
Normal Appearance and size of the head.
Head
6
Q
Atraumatic
A
No signs of trauma present.
Head
7
Q
Cyanosis
A
Bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen.
Integumentary
8
Q
Pallor
A
Unhealthy paleness of the skin.
Integumentary
9
Q
Erythema
A
Superficial reddening of the skin.
Integumentary
10
Q
Jaundice
A
Yellowing of skin due to abnormal bilirubin build-up.
Integumentary
11
Q
Abrasion
A
Superficial wound to the top most layer of the skin.
Integumentary
12
Q
Contusion
A
A region of skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured; AKA bruise.
Integumentary
13
Q
Ecchymosis
A
An area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion; AKA bruise.
Integumentary
14
Q
Laceration
A
A cut in the skin.
Integumentary
15
Q
Puncture
A
A small hole in the skin.
Integumentary
16
Q
Wheal
A
Round, localized area of edema on the skin.
Integumentary
17
Q
Wheal-and-Flare
A
(a reaction) rash or hives (irregular, blanched raised areas with redness).
Integumentary
18
Q
Urticaria
A
Hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching.
Integumentary
19
Q
Maculopapular
A
Rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps).
Integumentary
20
Q
Pustules
A
Small collection of pus under the skin.
Integumentary
21
Q
Bullae
A
Fluid-filled blisters
Integumentary
22
Q
Petechiae
A
A small round flat dark-red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane.
Integumentary
23
Q
Purpura
A
Purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed).
Integumentary
24
Q
Induration
A
A hardened area of normally soft tissue
Integumentary
25
Fluctuance
Movable and compressible.
## Footnote
Integumentary
26
Hemangioma
A benign tumor consisting of blood vessels.
## Footnote
Integumentary
27
Decubitus Ulcer
Injury to skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure on the skin.
## Footnote
Integumentary
28
Cornea
The transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil; lets light into the eye.
## Footnote
Eyes
29
Sclera
The dense fibrous opaque oter coat enclosing the eyeball - except the part covered by the cornea.
## Footnote
Eyes
30
Conjunctiva
White area of the eyes.
## Footnote
Eyes
31
Icterus
Yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build-up (often seen with jaundice).
## Footnote
Eyes
32
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels.
## Footnote
Eyes
33
Extraocular Movements Intact (EOMI)
Appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with "follow my finger"
## Footnote
Eyes
34
Pupils equal, round and reactive to light (PERRL)
normal evaluation of the size, shape of the pupils and their reaction to light.
## Footnote
Eyes
35
Papilledema
swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure
## Footnote
Eyes
36
Visual Acuity
acuteness / sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart
## Footnote
Eyes
37
Exophthalmos
Bulging of eyes out of socket
## Footnote
Eyes
38
Nystagmus
involuntary rapid eye movements - often reported as horizontal, vertical, or rotary.
## Footnote
Eyes
39
Erythema of the External Canal
redness of the outer ear canal
## Footnote
Ears
40
Cerumen Impaction
excessive earwax
## Footnote
Ears
41
Tympanic Membrane (TM)
Eardrum
## Footnote
Ears
42
Erythematous TM
red color of the TM
## Footnote
Ears
43
Bulging TM
protruding / outward curvature of the TM.
## Footnote
Ears
44
Retracted TM
inward curve of the TM
## Footnote
Ears
45
Poor Light Reflect
cone of light does not reflect on TM
## Footnote
Ears
46
Unable to Visualize Landmarks
Provider cannot see landmarks behind TM
## Footnote
Ears
47
Hemotympanum
Blood on the TM
## Footnote
Ears
48
Mastoid Tenderness
tenderness over masoid bone (located posterior to ear)
## Footnote
Ears
49
Clear Rhinorrhea
clear nasal drainage
## Footnote
Nose
50
Septal Deviation
displacement of nasal septum
## Footnote
Nose
51
Septal Hematoma
bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum
## Footnote
Nose
52
Dry Mucous Membranes
dry mouth
## Footnote
Mouth
53
Tongue Laceration
cut on the tongue
## Footnote
Mouth
54
No Signs of Oral Trauma
no cuts / chipped teeth / etc.
## Footnote
Mouth
55
Dental Caries
cavities
## Footnote
Mouth
56
Poor Dentition
bad teeth
## Footnote
Mouth
57
Pericoronitis
infection of the gums
## Footnote
Mouth
58
Parotid Mass
enlargement of the parotid gland
## Footnote
Mouth
59
Trismus
inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles
## Footnote
Mouth
60
Normal Jaw Approximation
normal jaw alignment
## Footnote
Mouth
61
Malocclusion
misalignment of the teeth when mouth is closed
## Footnote
Mouth
62
Uvula Midline
no deviation of the uvula to one side or another
## Footnote
Throat
63
Pharyngeal Erythema
redness of the throat
## Footnote
Throat
64
Pharyngeal Exudate
pus seen on the posterior throat
## Footnote
Throat
65
Peritonsilar Abscess
deep abscess adjacted to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained)
| Throat
66
Neck Supple
normal movement / bending of the neck
## Footnote
Neck
67
Carotid Bruit
abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery
## Footnote
Neck
68
Jugular Vein Distension
swelling of the jugular vein (usually seen in heart failure patients)
## Footnote
Neck
69
Cervical Vertebral Tenderness
pain along cervical spine
## Footnote
Neck
70
No step-offs or crepitus
no misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated
## Footnote
Neck
71
Anterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy
swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area
## Footnote
Neck
72
Trachea Midline
no deviation of trachea from its usual location
## Footnote
Neck
73
Meningismus
patient has neck stiffness, photophobia, and headache which may suggest meningitis
## Footnote
Neck
74
Nuchal Rigidity
neck stiffness with neck movement
## Footnote
Neck
75
Bradycardia
slow heart rate; less than 60 BPM
## Footnote
Heart
76
Tachycardia
fast heart rate; greater than 100 BPM
## Footnote
Heart
77
Murmur
An abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart.
## Footnote
Heart
78
Systolic Murmur
heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping)
## Footnote
Heart
79
Diastolic Murmur
heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling)
## Footnote
Heart
80
Distant heart sounds
faint-sounding heart bearts
## Footnote
Heart
81
Rubs
coarse sounds produced when the heart "rubs" on inflamed pericardium (heart tissue) during contractions
## Footnote
Heart
82
Gallops
extra/abnormal heart sounds (should only heart 2 distinct sounds, but you hear 3 or 4 sounds)
## Footnote
Heart
83
Clear to Auscultation (CTA)
no abnormal sounds heard with stethoscope
## Footnote
Respiratory
84
Bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
## Footnote
Respiratory
85
Tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing
## Footnote
Respiratory
86
Apnea
temporary absence or cessation of breathing
## Footnote
Respiratory
87
Prolonged Inspiratory Expiratory Phase
increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases
## Footnote
Respiratory
88
Rales / Crackles
wet, crackling sound with respiration
## Footnote
Respiratory
89
Rhonchi
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed; plural of rhonchus.
## Footnote
Respiratory
90
Wheezes
difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways
## Footnote
Respiratory
91
Stridor
harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages
## Footnote
Respiratory
92
Intercostal Retractions
use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress / work of breathing) - sunken intercostal muscles (cas see ribs)
## Footnote
Respiratory
93
Accessory Muscle Use
using extra muscles to breath (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm oand intercostal muscles)
## Footnote
Respiratory
94
Costovertebral Angle Tenderness (CVAT)
angle in back where kidneys are (HCP taps); left, reight and bilateral - if pain then possible kidney pathology.
## Footnote
Back
95
Paraspinal Muscle Tenderness
tenderness in muscles adjactent to spine
## Footnote
Back
96
Midline Tenderness
tenderness directly over spine
## Footnote
Back
97
No step-offs
no misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine
## Footnote
Back
98
Straight Leg Raise
if pain, indivative of herniated disk
## Footnote
Back
99
Saddle Anesthesia
loss of sensation around buttocks area
## Footnote
Back
100
Distension
bloating
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
101
Gravid
pregnant
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
102
Ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
103
Tympanitic
sound generated by examiner tapping his/her finger in contact with the distended belly due to extra gas / air in the large or small intestine.
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
104
Organomegaly
enlarged organ
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
105
Hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
106
Splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
107
Murphy's Sign
pain in right upper quadrant that may indicate gallbladder infection
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
108
Rovsing's Sign
palpation of the left lower quadrant cuses right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis.
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
109
McBurney's Point Tenderness
tenderness to palpation in the mid-point of the right lower quadrant (RLQ) which can indiccate appendicitis.
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
110
Umbilical hernia
outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and/or bowel through belly button
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
111
Grey Turner's Sign
bruising in flank area (lower back area)
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
112
Cullen's Sign
bruising in the skin around the umbilicus
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
113
Guaiac (Hemoccult)
## Footnote
Positive or Negative
blood present / absent in stool
## Footnote
Rectal
114
Rectal Tone
tone of rectal muscles during digital exam
## Footnote
Rectal
115
Melena
dark, tarry like stool containing blood
## Footnote
Rectal
116
Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT)
pain with movement of cervix
## Footnote
Pelvic
117
Adnexal tenderness
tenderness in location of the ovaries and fallopian tubes
## Footnote
Pelvic
118
Os Open / Closed
cervical os (opening to cervix) is open or closed
## Footnote
Pelvic
119
Vaginal Vault
Vaginal canal
## Footnote
Pelvic
120
POC
product of conception (fetus, placenta, etc.)
## Footnote
Pelvic
121
Clubbing
deformity of finger / fingernail due to chronic cyanosis
## Footnote
Extremities
122
Snuff Box Tenderness
pain in certain area of the wrist indicating a possible scaphoid bone fracture
## Footnote
Extremities
123
Median / Ulnar / Radial Sensory Function
all these nerves run in forearm...tested in the hand exam
## Footnote
Extremities
124
Pain Out of Proportion
excessive pain not matching the expected with pressure applied by the doctor
## Footnote
Extremities
125
Valgus / Varus Stress Test
evaluation for knee instability
## Footnote
Extremities
126
Homan's Sign
pain in calf or popliteal region
## Footnote
Extremities
127
Pitting Edema
persistent indention of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema
## Footnote
Extremities
128
AKA / BKA
Above knee amputation / Below Knee Amputation
## Footnote
Extremities
129
Ligamentous Laxity
loose ligaments
## Footnote
Extremities
130
McMurray's Test
rotation of knee causes pain
## Footnote
Extremities
131
Lachman's Test
pivot shift test causes pain
## Footnote
Extremities
132
Bursa
small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint
## Footnote
Extremities
133
Aphasia
loss of ability to express or understand speech
## Footnote
Neurological
134
Dysphasia
having a difficult time finding what words to say
## Footnote
Neurological
135
Dysarthria
difficult time communicating or articulation (i.e. slurred speech)
## Footnote
Neurological
136
Purposeful Movements
patient moves upon painful stimulation
## Footnote
Neurological
137
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
a scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury.
## Footnote
Neurological
138
Localizes to pain
withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied
## Footnote
Neurological
139
Grip Strength
tested usually by patient gripping HCP's fingers (L+R+Bi)
## Footnote
Neurological
140
Pronator Drift
hold palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)
## Footnote
Neurological
141
Dysmetria
finger to nose exam
## Footnote
Neurological
142
Dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapid alternating movements
## Footnote
Neurological
143
Ataxic Gait
walking abnormally and / or unsteady
## Footnote
Neurological
144
Heel to Shin Test
test for coordination
## Footnote
Neurological
145
Romberg's Test
patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance
## Footnote
Neurological
146
Heel Toe Gait
tests the stability of a patient's gait.
## Footnote
Neurological
147
Babinski Sign
a reflex - swipe sole of foot to see if big toe flexes up
## Footnote
Neurological
148
Reflexes
involuntary / instantaneous movement
## Footnote
Neurological
149
Affect
observed emotional state of a person
## Footnote
Psychiatric
150
Orientation
orientation to person, place, time, and event (A/O x 4)
| also can be A/O x 3 depending on where individual did medical training
## Footnote
Psychiatric
151
Hallucinations (auditory or visual)
an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
## Footnote
Psychiatric
152
Suicidal (SI) / Homicidal Ideation (HI)
thoughts of suicide / thought of homocide
## Footnote
Psychiatric
