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MSK Week 4 > Pre-Class Dermopathology > Flashcards

Pre-Class Dermopathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of skin?

A
  1. barrier to water loss
  2. protection from UV exposure/mechanical injury
  3. immune function
  4. vitamin D production
  5. shock absorber
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2
Q

what is the epidermis derived from embryologically?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

what are melanocytes derived from embryologically?

A

neural crest

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4
Q

where are melanocytes found in the skin?

A

basal layer

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5
Q

what is the function of melanocytes?

A
  1. produce melanin pigment
  2. protection from UV radiation

melanin is transferred from 1 melanocyte to numerous keratinocytes via dendrites

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6
Q

what are Merkel cells?

A

functions as a slow-adapting touch receptor

directly connected to keratinocytes

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7
Q

what is the function of eccrine glands?

A

temperature regulation

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8
Q

what is the dermis made up of?

A
  1. collagen (type I is most common)
  2. elastic fibers
  3. extracellular matrix
  4. blood vessels
  5. smooth and skeletal muscle
  6. peripheral nerves
  7. was cells, histiocytes
  8. dermal dendrocytes which help with wound healing
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9
Q

what is subcutaneous tissue composed of?

A
  1. adipocytes

2. capillaries

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10
Q

what is a first degree burn?

A

loss of superficial epidermis

no scarring; complete regeneration

redness and tenderness

ex. sunburn

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11
Q

what is a 2nd degree burn?

A

loss of entire epidermis and some dermis

some scarring, some regeneration

usually blisters

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12
Q

what is a 3rd degree burn?

A

loss of dermis and appendages

scarring, no regeneration

not painful because loss of pain receptors

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13
Q

what parts of the skin are considered appendages?

A
  1. follicles (hair)
  2. sebaceous glands
  3. eccrine glands
  4. apocrine glands
  5. nails
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14
Q

what is acanthosis?

A

increased thickness of the spinous layer of the epithelium

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15
Q

what is hyperplasia?

A

increased number of cells in the spinous layer of the epithelium

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16
Q

what is papillomatosis?

A

skin surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae

17
Q

what changes happen in the epidermis as you age?

A
  1. atrophy of the epidermis –> increased shear force injury –> senile purpura
  2. decreased langerhans cells –> decreased immunity –> increased risk of malignancy
18
Q

what changes happen in the dermis as you age?

A

decreased collagen combined with abni elastin production = decreased elasticity and flexibility

19
Q

what are the effects of UV radiation on the epidermis?

A
  1. keratinocytes

causes DNA damage (formation of pyrimadine dimers) –> dysplasia and malignancy

  1. melanocytes

induces proliferation for melanin production which over time can lead to melanoma

  1. langerhans cells

decreased function leads to decreased immunity

20
Q

what are the effects of UV radiation on the dermis?

A

abnormal elastin production leads to solar (actinic) elastosis

this is an an accumulation of abnormal elastin in the dermis

21
Q

what is macule?

A

flat, less than 1 cm

22
Q

what is a patch?

A

flat, greater than 1 cm

23
Q

what is a papule?

A

elevated, solid lesion

less than 1 cm

24
Q

what is a plaque?

A

elevated, solid lesion

greater than 1 cm

25
Q

what is a nodule?

A

solid, palpable

greater than 1 cm

26
Q

what is a scale?

A

dry, plate-like excrescences

due to imperfect maturation and cornification

27
Q

what is a wheal?

A

transient, pruritic, edematous and erythematous

due to dermal edema

28
Q

what is a vesicle?

A

fluid filled blister

less than 1 cm

29
Q

what is a bulla?

A

fluid filled blister

greater than 1 cm

30
Q

what is atrophy of the skin?

A

thinning of the epidermis or dermis

loss of rete ridge pattern

Ex: Lichen sclerosus

31
Q

what is lichenification?

A

thickened, roughened skin

prominent skin markings

due to chronic rubbing

32
Q

what does hyperkeratosis mean?

A

thicker stratum corneum

33
Q

what does orthokeratosis mean?

A

basketweave stratum corneum

34
Q

what does parakeratosis mean?

A

retained nuclei in stratum corneum

35
Q

what is acantholysis?

A

separation of epidermal cells = loss of desmosomes

acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris –> it is absent in bullous pemphigoid, making it useful for differential diagnosis

36
Q

what is spongiosis?

A

increased intercellular edema

37
Q

what is dyskeratosis?

A

premature keratinization below the granular layer

MSK Week 4 (11 decks)

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