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Art (LC) > Pre Christian Ireland - New Stone Age - Passage Tombs > Flashcards

Pre Christian Ireland - New Stone Age - Passage Tombs Flashcards

1
Q

Where are passage tombs found?

A

Found in groups on elevated ground.

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2
Q

What is the most know group of passage tombs in Ireland?

A

Knowth, dowth and newgrange in Bohne valley

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3
Q

Describe the structure of a general passage tomb.

A

Narrow passage leading to a central burial chamber. Passage walls are made of upright slabs of rock and the roof by horizontal slabs. Some passage tombs have several burial chambers. The burial chamber has a corbelled roof to protect against weathering.

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4
Q

What is a kerbstone?

A

A slab of rock surrounding the bottom of the passage tomb

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5
Q

What are the passage and the chambers covered by?

A

A mound of earth or small stones

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6
Q

What do kerbstones usually have?

A

Decorative motifs

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7
Q

Where is newgrange located?

A

Located in the Boyne valley in co. Meath. It is high on a hill on the bend of the river boyne overlooking knowth and dowth. 61metres above sea level

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8
Q

How many passage tombs are in boyne valley?

A

Around 40

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9
Q

How do we know that the Neolithic people were highly organized?

A

The size and quality of the tombs

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10
Q

Where else in the world can similar art and architecture be found?

A

Brittany, France, Wales

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11
Q

When was newgrange constructed?

A

Around 3200 bc

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12
Q

How big is the mound?

A

11m high

80m in diameter

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13
Q

Where were the stone slabs from?

A

They were brought by boat around 20 km from Louth

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14
Q

How long is it estimated that newgrange took to build?

A

30 years

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15
Q

How long is the passage at newgrange?

A

19 m long. 21 upright stones on the right. 22 on the left

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16
Q

What is the roof of the passage at newgrange made of?

A

Horizontal slabs

17
Q

What shape is the burial chamber?

A

Cruciform (Cross shaped)

18
Q

How big is the burial chamber at newgrange?

A

5.5 m in diameter

19
Q

How many chambers is in newgrange?

A

3 small chambers off the central chamber

20
Q

What is a stone basin?

A

A basin where the ashes and bones of the dead were, it was in the side chambers

21
Q

How was the roof of the chambers made?

A

It is a corbelled roof. Large slabs of stone were overlapped on top of each other in layers. The roof is dome shaped with one large capstone on top.

22
Q

How tall is the corbelled roof at newgrange?

A

6m above the chamber floor

23
Q

How is the roof water tights after more than 5000 years?

A

The builders cut grooves into the outer roof stones in order to channel rainwater away from the chamber

24
Q

What is the function of the passage tomb at newgrange?

A

Burial chamber - remains of dead found there
Place of worship of the dead, weather, seasons
Place of gathering for rituals

25
Q

What surrounds the mound at newgrange?

A

A quartz facade - it is reflective of the sun

26
Q

What are monoliths?

A

standing stones

27
Q

Where in newgrange are monoliths?

A

Circle of 12 in the field 15m away surrounding newgrange

Originally 35

28
Q

What are the two important kerbstones called and where are they?

A

The entrance stone and kerbstone 52

They are diametrically opposite each other.

29
Q

What are kerbstones made from?

A

Granite

30
Q

How many kerbstones are there.

A

97

31
Q

What are the dimensions of kerbstones?

A

3 - 4 meters long

1.5 meters high

32
Q

Where did the quartz come from?

A

Wicklow, 80km away. Brought by boat

33
Q

What is the roof box?

A

A special opening above the door at newgrange. Allows the rising sun to travel up the passage and illuminate the burial chamber for 17minutes. Happens from 19 to 23 December every year.

34
Q

What date is newgrange aligned with?

A

21 December

35
Q

Describe how the entrance stone to newgrange is decorated.

A

Line separating the two sides down the center

lozenges, triskel, spirals, zig-zags, chevrons

36
Q

Describe how kerbstone 52 is decorated.

A

Pronounced vertical line down the center
Double spirals
Pocking
Concentric circles

37
Q

Describe how the standing stone inside the chamber looking towards the passage is decorated.

A

Lozenges, triskel

38
Q

Describe the decoration On the lintel of the roofbox.

A

Triangles

39
Q

Describe the decoration of the corbelled stones in the burial chamber at newgrange.

A

Lozenges, zigzag, chevron

Art (LC) (17 decks)

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