Pre-AP World History Midterm Vocab Flashcards
What is Hinduism?
Hinduism is a major world religion originating from the Indian subcontinent.
What is Reincarnation?
Reincarnation is the belief in the rebirth of the soul in a new body after death.
What is Buddhism?
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha.
What are the Four Noble Truths?
The Four Noble Truths are the foundation of Buddhism, outlining the nature of suffering and the path to enlightenment.
What is the Eightfold Path?
The Eightfold Path is a guide to ethical and mental development in Buddhism leading to enlightenment.
What are the Chinese Dynasties?
Chinese Dynasties are the successive ruling families in China, each contributing to the country’s history and culture.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
The Mandate of Heaven is a Chinese philosophical concept that justifies the rule of the emperor.
What does Zhou refer to?
Zhou refers to a dynasty in ancient China known for its cultural and political developments.
Who were the Sumerians?
The Sumerians were one of the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia, known for their innovations in writing and architecture.
What are Ziggurats?
Ziggurats are massive structures built in ancient Mesopotamia, serving as temples and administrative centers.
What were Sumerian Religious beliefs?
Sumerian religious beliefs involved polytheism, worshiping multiple gods associated with natural forces.
What are Law Codes?
Law Codes are formalized laws that govern a society, often inscribed on tablets.
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
The Code of Hammurabi is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length, establishing laws in ancient Babylon.
What is Confucianism?
Confucianism is a philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing moral integrity and social harmony.
How does geography impact civilizations?
Geography influences the development of civilizations by affecting agriculture, trade, and settlement patterns.
What are the Himalaya Mountains?
The Himalaya Mountains are a major mountain range in Asia, forming a natural barrier and influencing climate and culture.
What were the Golden Guptas?
The Golden Guptas refer to a period of great cultural and scientific advancement in ancient India during the Gupta Empire.
What was the Maurya Empire?
The Maurya Empire was a powerful ancient Indian empire known for unifying the Indian subcontinent.
What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian poem, regarded as one of the earliest works of literary fiction.
What is the Odyssey?
The Odyssey is an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, detailing the adventures of Odysseus.
What is the Mahabharata?
The Mahabharata is one of the longest epic poems in the world, central to Indian culture and philosophy.
What is political science?
Political science is the study of politics, government systems, and political behavior.
What is Ancient Greece known for?
Ancient Greece is known for its influential culture, philosophy, and the birth of democracy.
What are City-States?
City-States are independent, self-governing cities that also govern surrounding territories.
What was Persia?
Persia was an ancient empire known for its vast territory and cultural achievements.
What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism?
Monotheism is the belief in a single deity, while polytheism is the belief in multiple deities.
What is Athens known for?
Athens is known for being the birthplace of democracy and its cultural achievements in art and philosophy.
What is Sparta known for?
Sparta is known for its military-oriented society and strict discipline.
What was the Qin Dynasty?
The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, known for unifying the country and standardizing various systems.
What is Legalism?
Legalism is a Chinese philosophy advocating strict laws and harsh punishments to maintain order.
What are written records?
Written records are documents that preserve information and history through writing.
What is limited direct democracy?
Limited direct democracy is a form of government where citizens vote on specific issues rather than electing representatives.
Who were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were ancient Greek philosophers who laid the foundations of Western philosophy.
What is the importance of the individual?
The importance of the individual emphasizes personal rights and freedoms in society.
What is Hellenistic Civilization?
Hellenistic Civilization refers to the spread of Greek culture and influence after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Who was Alexander the Great?
Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in history.
What are Cradles of Civilization?
Cradles of Civilization refer to regions where early complex societies developed, often near rivers.
What is Urbanization?
Urbanization is the process by which rural areas become urban, leading to the growth of cities.
What is the Rosetta Stone?
The Rosetta Stone is an ancient artifact that helped decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.
What is Cultural Diffusion?
Cultural Diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
What are Trade, Travel, Roads, Warfare, and Contact?
These are factors that facilitate the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between societies.
What is Social Hierarchy?
Social Hierarchy is a system of ranking individuals or groups within a society.
Who was Mencius?
Mencius was a Chinese philosopher who expanded on Confucian ideas and emphasized human goodness.
What is Daoism/Taoism?
Daoism/Taoism is a philosophical and religious tradition in China emphasizing living in harmony with the Dao.
What do Yin and Yang represent?
Yin and Yang represent the duality of nature, symbolizing balance and harmony.
What is Judaism?
Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, centered around the belief in one God.
What are Oracle Bones?
Oracle Bones are ancient Chinese artifacts used for divination and recording events.
What was the Neolithic Revolution?
The Neolithic Revolution was the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities.
What is Egypt known for?
Egypt is known for its ancient civilization, monumental architecture, and contributions to writing and governance.
What are the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom?
These are periods in ancient Egyptian history marked by significant achievements in culture and governance.
What are Human Origins?
Human Origins refer to the study of the beginnings and evolution of the human species.
What are Organized Governments?
Organized Governments are structured systems that manage a society’s affairs and enforce laws.
What are Complex Societies?
Complex Societies are advanced social structures with distinct social classes, specialized labor, and governance.
