Pre-AP World History Midterm Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hinduism?

A

Hinduism is a major world religion originating from the Indian subcontinent.

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2
Q

What is Reincarnation?

A

Reincarnation is the belief in the rebirth of the soul in a new body after death.

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3
Q

What is Buddhism?

A

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha.

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4
Q

What are the Four Noble Truths?

A

The Four Noble Truths are the foundation of Buddhism, outlining the nature of suffering and the path to enlightenment.

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5
Q

What is the Eightfold Path?

A

The Eightfold Path is a guide to ethical and mental development in Buddhism leading to enlightenment.

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6
Q

What are the Chinese Dynasties?

A

Chinese Dynasties are the successive ruling families in China, each contributing to the country’s history and culture.

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7
Q

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

A

The Mandate of Heaven is a Chinese philosophical concept that justifies the rule of the emperor.

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8
Q

What does Zhou refer to?

A

Zhou refers to a dynasty in ancient China known for its cultural and political developments.

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9
Q

Who were the Sumerians?

A

The Sumerians were one of the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia, known for their innovations in writing and architecture.

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10
Q

What are Ziggurats?

A

Ziggurats are massive structures built in ancient Mesopotamia, serving as temples and administrative centers.

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11
Q

What were Sumerian Religious beliefs?

A

Sumerian religious beliefs involved polytheism, worshiping multiple gods associated with natural forces.

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12
Q

What are Law Codes?

A

Law Codes are formalized laws that govern a society, often inscribed on tablets.

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13
Q

What is the Code of Hammurabi?

A

The Code of Hammurabi is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length, establishing laws in ancient Babylon.

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14
Q

What is Confucianism?

A

Confucianism is a philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing moral integrity and social harmony.

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15
Q

How does geography impact civilizations?

A

Geography influences the development of civilizations by affecting agriculture, trade, and settlement patterns.

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16
Q

What are the Himalaya Mountains?

A

The Himalaya Mountains are a major mountain range in Asia, forming a natural barrier and influencing climate and culture.

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17
Q

What were the Golden Guptas?

A

The Golden Guptas refer to a period of great cultural and scientific advancement in ancient India during the Gupta Empire.

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18
Q

What was the Maurya Empire?

A

The Maurya Empire was a powerful ancient Indian empire known for unifying the Indian subcontinent.

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19
Q

What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian poem, regarded as one of the earliest works of literary fiction.

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20
Q

What is the Odyssey?

A

The Odyssey is an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, detailing the adventures of Odysseus.

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21
Q

What is the Mahabharata?

A

The Mahabharata is one of the longest epic poems in the world, central to Indian culture and philosophy.

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22
Q

What is political science?

A

Political science is the study of politics, government systems, and political behavior.

23
Q

What is Ancient Greece known for?

A

Ancient Greece is known for its influential culture, philosophy, and the birth of democracy.

24
Q

What are City-States?

A

City-States are independent, self-governing cities that also govern surrounding territories.

25
Q

What was Persia?

A

Persia was an ancient empire known for its vast territory and cultural achievements.

26
Q

What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism?

A

Monotheism is the belief in a single deity, while polytheism is the belief in multiple deities.

27
Q

What is Athens known for?

A

Athens is known for being the birthplace of democracy and its cultural achievements in art and philosophy.

28
Q

What is Sparta known for?

A

Sparta is known for its military-oriented society and strict discipline.

29
Q

What was the Qin Dynasty?

A

The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, known for unifying the country and standardizing various systems.

30
Q

What is Legalism?

A

Legalism is a Chinese philosophy advocating strict laws and harsh punishments to maintain order.

31
Q

What are written records?

A

Written records are documents that preserve information and history through writing.

32
Q

What is limited direct democracy?

A

Limited direct democracy is a form of government where citizens vote on specific issues rather than electing representatives.

33
Q

Who were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were ancient Greek philosophers who laid the foundations of Western philosophy.

34
Q

What is the importance of the individual?

A

The importance of the individual emphasizes personal rights and freedoms in society.

35
Q

What is Hellenistic Civilization?

A

Hellenistic Civilization refers to the spread of Greek culture and influence after the conquests of Alexander the Great.

36
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in history.

37
Q

What are Cradles of Civilization?

A

Cradles of Civilization refer to regions where early complex societies developed, often near rivers.

38
Q

What is Urbanization?

A

Urbanization is the process by which rural areas become urban, leading to the growth of cities.

39
Q

What is the Rosetta Stone?

A

The Rosetta Stone is an ancient artifact that helped decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.

40
Q

What is Cultural Diffusion?

A

Cultural Diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

41
Q

What are Trade, Travel, Roads, Warfare, and Contact?

A

These are factors that facilitate the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between societies.

42
Q

What is Social Hierarchy?

A

Social Hierarchy is a system of ranking individuals or groups within a society.

43
Q

Who was Mencius?

A

Mencius was a Chinese philosopher who expanded on Confucian ideas and emphasized human goodness.

44
Q

What is Daoism/Taoism?

A

Daoism/Taoism is a philosophical and religious tradition in China emphasizing living in harmony with the Dao.

45
Q

What do Yin and Yang represent?

A

Yin and Yang represent the duality of nature, symbolizing balance and harmony.

46
Q

What is Judaism?

A

Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, centered around the belief in one God.

47
Q

What are Oracle Bones?

A

Oracle Bones are ancient Chinese artifacts used for divination and recording events.

48
Q

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

A

The Neolithic Revolution was the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities.

49
Q

What is Egypt known for?

A

Egypt is known for its ancient civilization, monumental architecture, and contributions to writing and governance.

50
Q

What are the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom?

A

These are periods in ancient Egyptian history marked by significant achievements in culture and governance.

51
Q

What are Human Origins?

A

Human Origins refer to the study of the beginnings and evolution of the human species.

52
Q

What are Organized Governments?

A

Organized Governments are structured systems that manage a society’s affairs and enforce laws.

53
Q

What are Complex Societies?

A

Complex Societies are advanced social structures with distinct social classes, specialized labor, and governance.