Pre AP Composition Review

Question 1

Antithesis

Answer 1

Juxtaposition of two like ideas, emphasized by parallel structure

Question 2

Antimetabole

Answer 2

Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical structure

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

A is to B as C is to D

Question 4

Paradox

Answer 4

A contradiction that actually makes sense

Question 5

Epistrophe

Answer 5

Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses

Question 6

Asyndeton

Answer 6

Omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence

Question 7

Anaphora

Answer 7

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Question 8

Apophasis

Answer 8

Assertion through denial

Question 9

Alliteration

Answer 9

Repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of successive or closely connected words

Question 10

Aphorism

Answer 10

Pithy observation containing a general truth

Question 11

Allusion

Answer 11

Designed to call something to mind without explicitly mentioning it. Often an indirect or passing reference.

Question 12

Chiasmus

Answer 12

Two clauses in reverse grammatical order

Question 13

Parallel structure

Answer 13

Using same pattern of words to show similar ideas

Question 14

Metaphor

Answer 14

Identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing

Question 15

Hortatory sentence

Answer 15

Call to action

Question 16

Polysyndeton

Answer 16

Conjunctions with no commas

Question 17

Euphemism

Answer 17

Replacing an inoffensive word for one that could cause offense

Question 18

Litotes

Answer 18

Emphasis created through negation of the negative. Understatement

Question 19

Rhetorical question

Answer 19

Not meant to elicit a response, but to assert or deny something

Question 20

Ethos

Answer 20

Credit due to status

Question 21

Pathos

Answer 21

Appeal to emotion

Question 22

Logos

Answer 22

Appeal to logic

Question 23

Exigence

Answer 23

Reason for argument

Question 24

Metonymy

Answer 24

Substituting a noun for something closely related to it

Question 25

Iterative examples

Answer 25

Often happen or repeat

Question 26

Particular examples

Answer 26

Describe isolated situations

Question 27

Hypothetical examples

Answer 27

Fictional example

Question 28

Style

Answer 28

Way of using language

Question 29

Lead-in phrase

Answer 29

Gives cue that source is being used

Question 30

Plagiarism

Answer 30

Using someone else’s work without proper citation, therefore claiming it as your own

Question 31

Fact

Answer 31

Truth that can be tested

Question 32

Reason

Answer 32

Basis or cause

Question 33

Informed opinion

Answer 33

Opinion presented with actual evidence to back it up

Question 34

Transition paragraph

Answer 34

In longer paper, helps to transition between ideas

Question 35

Continuous arrangement

Answer 35

Discuss one full subject before switching to the next

Question 36

Discontinuous arrangement

Answer 36

Comparing each part of your argument as the essay progresses ABAB

Question 37

Common knowledge

Answer 37

Commonly known fact, does not have to be cited

Question 38

Ad hominem

Answer 38

Switching from the actual argument to an attack on the other person

Question 39

Ad populum

Answer 39

Appealing to irrational fears and prejudices to distract from the actual issue

Question 40

Telegraphic sentence

Answer 40

Five words or less

Question 41

Loose sentence

Answer 41

Main clause at the beginning followed by subordinate phrases

Question 42

Periodic sentence

Answer 42

Subordinate phrases at beginning, Main clause at end

Question 43

Analepsis

Answer 43

Flashback

Question 44

Oxymoron

Answer 44

Short contradictory phrase

Question 45

Epanalepsis

Answer 45

Repetition or a word or phrase at the beginning and end of a clause