pre ap chem knowledge

Question 1

molecule

Answer 1

2+ atoms joined together

Question 2

formula

Answer 2

amount and type of atoms before and after forming into a molecule

Question 3

ions

Answer 3

an atom or group of atoms that have an electrical charge

Question 4

ionic compound

Answer 4

a group of atoms with an electrical charge

Question 5

naming ionic compounds

Answer 5

1. name of positive ion first, negative ion second
2. second name should end with -ide

Question 6

acid

Answer 6

hydrogen joined with negative ion

Question 7

the exception to naming acid rules

Answer 7

hydrochloric acid, HCl, is actually hydrogen chloride

Question 7

acid ion name endings

Answer 7

-ate is changed to -ic
-ite is changed to -ous

Question 8

anions

Answer 8

negative ion

Question 9

cation

Answer 9

positive ion

Question 10

what are atoms made of

Answer 10

neutrons and protons are in the nucleus

electrons that orbit around the nucleus

Question 11

charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 11

protons - +1
nuetrons - 0
electrons - -1

Question 12

atomic number

Answer 12

amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

isotopes

Answer 13

variations of neutrons in the nuclei of atoms

Question 14

shell/energy level

Answer 14

the region where each electron can move

Question 15

Periods

Answer 15

Have similar energies

Question 16

Groups/Families

Answer 16

Y Axis: Behave in similar ways called properties, form new compounds in same ratios (Ex: BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2)

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Boron Group, Carbon Group, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogen, Noble Gases

Question 17

Groups/Families

Answer 17

Y Axis
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Boron Group, Carbon Group, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogen, Noble Gases

Question 18

4 forces of the universe in order of least to greatest strength

Answer 18

Gravity < Electromagnetism: Attraction/Repulsion < Weak Nuclear: Converts Protons into neutrons < Strong Nuclear: Holds nucleus together

Question 19

3 Types of Radiation from least to greatest energy, what they’re stopped by

Answer 19

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 20

Fission vs Fusion

Answer 20

Fission: Large split into small
Fusion: Small combine into Large
- Stronger than Fission

Question 21

λ, wavelength

Answer 21

distance between peaks

Question 22

f, frequency

Answer 22

(in hz) how often, per second, a wave passes

Question 23

Electromagnetic spectrum, Long wavelength to short wavelength

Answer 23

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light (ROYGBIV), ultra violet, xray, gamma rays

Question 24

photon

Answer 24

a particle of light

Question 25

photoelectric effect

Answer 25

matter, when sufficiently energized, will emit light

Question 26

photoelectric effect

Answer 26

matter, when sufficiently energized, will emit light

Question 27

quantum

Answer 27

specific amount of energy needed to move an electron

Question 28

photon

Answer 28

a quantum of light

Question 29

covalent bonds

Answer 29

when non-metals only share valence e-

Question 30

when does polarity occur?

Answer 30

when exterior atoms are different elements OR central atom has non bonding electrons in non expanded octet structures

Question 31

intermolecular forces (IMF)

Answer 31

attractive forces between molecules

Question 32

3 Types of IMF

Answer 32

London Disperson: Polar and Non-Polar
- strength comes from amount of electrons
- non-polar only have LD
Dipole-Dipole: IMF from permanent polar attraction
- polar molecules only
- stronger than LD
Hydrogen Bonds: Strongest IMF
- only in polar molecules where Hydrogen is bonded to N, O, or F

Question 33

reaction types: synthesis

Answer 33

A + B -> AB

Question 34

reaction types: decomposition

Answer 34

AB -> A + B

Question 35

Reaction Types: Single Replacement

Answer 35

AB + X -> XB + A

Question 36

Reaction Types: Double Replacement

Answer 36

AB + XY -> AY + XB