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Phlebotomy Lecture > Pre-analytic Considerations > Flashcards

Pre-analytic Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Begins when a test is ordered and ends when testing begins. This testing process, if not properly adressed, can lead to errors.

A

Preanalytical or pre-examination phase

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2
Q

Results used for comparison become a range of value with high and low limits

A

reference range or reference interval

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3
Q

Refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for approx. 12 hours

A

Basal State

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4
Q

ideal for establishing reference ranges on inpatients because the effects of diet, exercise, and other controllable factors on test results are minimized or eliminated

A

basal-state specimen

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5
Q

Physiological variable that affects values of rbc and wbc as well as kidney function

A

age

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6
Q

A physiological variable that concerns higher elevations and sea level

A

altitude

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7
Q

RBC count that have higher reference ranges at higher elevations

A

hemoglobin and hematocrit

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8
Q

analytes that increase at higher elevations

A

c-reactive protein and uric acid

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9
Q

analytes that decrease in value at increased altitude

A

urinary creatinine

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10
Q

occurs with persistent vomitting or diarrhea that causes hemoconcentration

A

dehydration

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11
Q

a condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume

A

hemoconcentration

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12
Q

a physiological variable where blood analyte composition can be altered by the ingestion of food and drink

A

diet

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13
Q

how many hours are patients typically asked to fast

A

approx. 8 to 12 hours

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14
Q

Analytes that are elevated in patients on high-protein diets

A

ammonia, urea, and uric acid levels

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15
Q

Analytes that increase with the consumption of beverages with caffeine

A

cortisol and ACTH levels

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16
Q

Analytes affected by excessive drinking amounts of water and other fluids

A

hemoglobin (hgb) levels

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17
Q

Analytes that increases with ingestion of food such as butter, cheese, cream, and etc.

A

lipid levels

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18
Q

increased blood lipid content

A

lipemia

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19
Q

specimen containing high levels of lipids

A

lipemic

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20
Q

a physiological variable that includes cariations or fluctuations. Factors would be posture, activity, eating, daylight and darkness, being awake or asleep, and etc.

A

Diurnal/circadian variation

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21
Q

a drug therapy that can cause decrease in blood cells, especially WBCs and platelets

A

chemotherapy durg

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22
Q

a physiological variable that affects number of blood components, raising or lowering levels of others

A

exercise

23
Q

A physiological variable that affects the levels of a number of hormones

A

fever

24
Q

a physiological varaible that affects the concentration of a number of blood components

A

gener

25
Q

a physiological variable that can increase levels of creatine kinase and the skeletal muscle fraction of LDH

A

intramuscular injection

26
Q

a condition characterized by increased bilirubin (a product of the breakdown of RBCs) in the blood, leading to deposits of yellow bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (whites of the eyes), giving the patient a yellow appearance

A

jaundice or icterus

27
Q

it means relating to or marked by jaundice and is used to describe serum, plasma, or urine specimens that have an abnormal deep yellow to yellow-brown color due to high bilirubin levels

A

icteric

28
Q

may indicate liver inflammation caused by hepatitis b or c virus

A

jaundice

29
Q

a physiological variable that can influence specimen composition

A

body position

30
Q

hardening of veins

A

sclerosed

31
Q

clotting of veins

A

thrombosed

32
Q

swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues

A

edema

33
Q

swelling or mass of blood (often clotted) that can be caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during or following a venipuncture

A

hematoma

34
Q

a catheter placed in an artery and used to provide accurate and continuous measurement of a patient’s blood pressure

A

arterial line

35
Q

the permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein by direct fusion, resulting in a bulging vein or with a piece fo vein or tubing that creates a loop under the skin

A

arteriovenous (AV), fistula, or graft

36
Q

a catheter or cannula connected to a stopcock or a cap with a diaphragm that provides access for administering medication or drawing blood

A

heparin or saline lock

37
Q

a catheter inserted in a vein to administer fluids

A

intravenous (IV)

38
Q

consists of tubing inserted into a main vein or artery used for administering fluids, medication, monitoring pressures, and drawing blood

A

central vascular access device (cvad)

39
Q

a line inserted into a large vein such as the subclavian and advanced into the superior vena cava

A

central venous catheter (CVC) or central venous line

40
Q

a small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin and most commonly located in the upper chest or arm

A

implanted port

41
Q

a line inserted into the peripheral venous system and threaded into the central venous system

A

peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

42
Q

loss of consciousness and postural tone resulting from insufficient blood flow to the brain

A

fainting or syncope

43
Q

sudden faintness or loss of consciousness due to a nervous system reponse to abrupt pain, stress, or trauma

A

vasovagal

44
Q

tiny nonraised red spots that appear on the patient’s skin when a tourniquet is applied. they are an indicated that the venipuncture site may bleed excessively

A

petechiae

45
Q

caused by blood leaking into the tissues during or following venipuncture and is identified by rapid swelling at or near the venipuncture site

A

hematoma formation

46
Q

an adjective used to describe an adverse condition brought by the effects of treatment.

A

iatrogenic

47
Q

blood loss as a result of blood removed for testing

A

iatrogenic blood loss

48
Q

blood loss to a point where life cannot be sustained

A

exsanguination

49
Q

most often associatd with deep or blind probing, especially in the area of the basilic vein

A

inadvertent arterial puncture

50
Q

flowing back of blood into the patient’s vein from the collection tube during the venipuncture procedure

A

reflux

51
Q

stagnation of the normal venous blood flow

A

venous stasis

52
Q

trapping of blood in an extremity by compression of veins

A

venostasis

53
Q

results when RBCs are damaged or destroyed and the hemoglobin they contain escapes into the fluid portion of the specimen

A

hemolysis

54
Q

happens when pressure created by pulling on a syringe plunger is too much for the vein

A

collapsed vein

Phlebotomy Lecture (3 decks)

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