Capillary Puncture & Equipments Flashcards
What layer of the skin can drops of blood be obtained?
Dermal layer
It is especially useful for pediatric patients in whom removal of larger quantities of blood can have serious consequences.
Capillary specimen collection
A sterile, disposable, sharp-pointed or bladed instrument that either punctures or makes an incision in the skin to obtain capillary blood specimens for testing.
lancet
Which among the statements are true?
1: Selection of lancets depends on the age and collection site only.
2: Selection of lancets depend on age, collection site, volume of specimen required, but not the depth of puncture.
3: Selection of lancets depende of age, collection site, volume of specimen required, and depth of puncture.
Only statement 3
What is an important OSHA required lancet safety feature?
A permanently retractable blade of needle point to reduce risk of accidental sharps injury
It typically vaporizes water in the skin to produce a small hole in the capillary bed without cauterizing delicate capillaries.
Laser
What ages can laser be used according to FDA?
5 years of age and older
Special small plastic tubes used to collect the tiny amounts of blood obtained from capillary punctures which are often referred to as “bullets” because of their size and shape.
Microcollection containers
Are disposable, narrow-bore plastic or plastic clad glass capillary tubes that fill by capillary action and typically hold 50 to 75 uL of blood.
Microhematocrit tubes
What is being coated in a tube used when an Hct tube is filled with blood from a lavender-top tube?
ammonium heparin
typically have a red or green band on one end
heparin tubes
Tubes having a blue band.
Nonadditive tubes
This type of collection tubes are long thin narrow-bore capillary tubes which are normally plastic for safety and are available in a number of different sizes to accommodate volume requirements of various testing intruments.
Capillary blood gas (CBG) collection tubes
A special equipment for CBG collection which are small metal filings (fleas) or small metal bars that are inserted into the tubes after collection of a CBG specimen to aid in mixing the anticoagulant.
Stirrers
Both ends of a CBG tube are sealed immediately after specimen collection to prevent exposure to air. What is then used to mix the specimen?
Magnet
Used to seal CBG tubes and maintain anaerobic conditions in the specimen.
plastic caps or closures
Occasionally used to make blood films for hematology determinations
glass microscope slides
How much does blood flow increase when warming the site?
seven times
When is warming the site for blood flow increase especially important?
When performing heelsticks on newborns
What is the uniform temperature for warming devices?
42 degrees celsius or less
A mixture of arterial, venous, and capillary blood , along with interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid.
Capillary specimens
Which among the statements is true? Why?
1: Capillary blood contains a higher proportion of venous blood
2: Capillary blood contains a higher proportion of arterial blood
Statement 2 because arterial blood enters the capillaries under pressure
True or False.
Because the composition of capillary blood differs from that of venous blood, reference (normal) values may also differ.
True
True or False.
Concentration of glucose is normally lower in capillary blood specimens, whereas total protein (TP), calcium, and potassium are higher.
False. Glucose is higher and the others are lower.
For every 10 mL of blood removed, how much iron is removed as well?
4mg
What tests cannot be performed on skin puncture specimens?
erthrocyte sedimentation rate methods (esr), coagulation studies requiring plasma specimens, blood cultures, and test that require large volumes of serum or plasma
It is important to patient comfort and the success of specimen collection
position
Why should previously edematous punctured sites be avoided?
Because accumulated tissue fluid can contaminate the specimen and negatively affect test results
Recommended site for capillary puncture on adults and children older than 1 year.
Palmar surface of the distal or end segnement of the middle or ring finger of the nondominant hand.
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone due to puncture
osteomyelitis
inflammarion of the bone and cartilage as a result of infection due to puncture
osteochondritis
Safe areas for heel puncture on infants (Make Little People Happy)
Medial and lateral plantar side of the heel
Specimen obtained from a warmed site.
Arterialized
How long does it take to warm up site?
Wrapping for 3 to 5 minutes
CLSI recommended antiseptic for cleaning a capillary puncture site.
70% isopropanol
What tests are affected by povidone-iodine? (BURPP)
Bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium
What have been identified as complications of finger punctures in newborns?
Infection and gangrene
What results to puncture on the same side as a mastectomy?
Infection and effects of lymphostasis, leading to erroneous results
What is the recommended site for collection of capillary puncture specimens on infants less than 1 year of age?
heel
When finger puncturing a child, how many fingers should be held?
three to four fingers
degree of angle when puncturing the heel
90 degrees
A genetic disorder characterized by a defect in the enzyme that breaks down the amino acid phenylalanine, converting it into the amino acid tyrosine.
Phenylketonuria
A disorder when left untreated leads to brain damage and mental retardation.
phenylketonuria
a disorder characterized by insufficient levels of thyroid hormones. If left untreated, the deficiency hinders growth and brain development.
hypothyroidism
an inherited disorder characterized by lack of the enzyme needed to covert the milk sugar galactose into glucose neded by the body for energy
galactosemia
A genetic disorder caused by one or more mutations in the gene that directs a protein responsible for regulating the transport of chloride across the cell membranes. It produces thick, sticky mucus secretions.
cystic fibrosis
Required to perform a manual differential - a test in which the number, type, and characteristics of bloods cells are determined by examining staind blood smear under a microscope.
blood film or smear
How long should blood smeare for edta specimens be prepared?
1 hour within collection
