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Praxis Middles School Science > Praxis Middle School Science-Matter and Energy > Flashcards

Praxis Middle School Science-Matter and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

matter

A

makes up everything in the world

takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

mass

A

the measure of the amount of matter in an object

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3
Q

weight

A

the measure of earth’s pull of gravity on an object

also the pull of gravity between other bodies-the mass of an object remains the same but the weight changes depending on gravity.

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4
Q

volume

A

the amount of cubic space that an object occupies

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5
Q

density

A

the mass of a substance contained per unit volume

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6
Q

physical property

A

a characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance

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7
Q

chemical properties

A

describes the capacity of a substance to be changed into new substances

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8
Q

the stars manufactured

A

every chemical element heavier than hydrogen

the thing cloud (planetary nebula) of gas and dust, from which the sun and its planet formed, was struck by the shock waves and remnant matter from exploded stars outside of our galaxy

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9
Q

solar system

A

inner planets’ composition: reflects the sun’s attraction of the heavier elements

outer planets’ composition: reflects the lighter, less dense elements attracted less by the sun’s gravitational mass.

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10
Q

on each planet, heavier elements…

A

sink inward to form the core

lighter elements form the atmosphere

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11
Q

our planet’s earliest history…

A

violent.

struck by meteorites

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12
Q

the earth’s birthing process produced…

A

frequent eruptions that caused water to rise to the surface, and the solar system contributed to additional water to the primordial seas.

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13
Q

the percentage of sodium in the earth’s oceans has

A

not varied appreciably for at least 600 million years

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14
Q

earth’s core composed of

A

iron and nickel

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15
Q

earth’s crust is rich in

A

silica

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16
Q

atmosphere consists of

A

78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen

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17
Q

how many naturally occurring elements are their in the universe?

A

92

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18
Q

of the 92 naturally occurring elements…

A

only 8 make up 99% of earth’s mass.

19
Q

physical change

A

does not create a new substance

does not rearrange atoms into different compounds

ex: bending a nail

20
Q

chemical change

A

converts one substance into another by rearranging atoms to form a different compound

ex: iron oxide (rust) is present in a rusty nail

21
Q

solid

A

matter that has definite shape and volume

22
Q

liquid

A

matter that has definite volume, but no shape

23
Q

gas

A

no shape or volume

spreads out to occupy entire space of whatever container it is in

24
Q

energy

A

the ability to cause change in matter

25
Q

evaporation

A

the process of changing a liquid to a gas

26
Q

condensation

A

the process of changing a gas to a liquid

27
Q

composition reaction

A

two or more substances combine to form a compound

28
Q

decomposition reaction

A

a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances

29
Q

single replacement reaction

A

decomposition reaction; a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances

30
Q

double replacement reaction

A

parts of two compounds replace each other, seeming to switch partners

31
Q

principle of conservation of mass

A

the total mass of system is constant

32
Q

when matter changes phase

A

mass remains constant

33
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

matter is neither created or destroyed, but merely changes state

either giving off or absorbing energy in the process

34
Q

joules

A

measurement of work as the product of force on an object and the distance through which the object is moved

35
Q

thermal energy

A

the energy moving atoms and molecules

36
Q

chemical energy

A

the energy that bonds atoms and molecules together

37
Q

nuclear energy

A

energy of moving the nucleus of an atom

38
Q

mechanical energy

A

energy of moving objects

39
Q

potential energy

A

energy stored in an object due to its position

40
Q

elastic potential energy

A

energy stored in elastic (stretchable) objects such as rubber bands or springs

41
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

energy of an object has when it is in an elevated position

42
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of an object has due to its mass and motion

43
Q

four states of matter

A

liquid solid gas plasma

44
Q

plasma

A

a superheated, molten gas, and not all physicists or textbooks agree that it is a separate state of matter

Praxis Middles School Science (8 decks)

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