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Praxis Middles School Science > Praxis Middle School-Language Arts-Figurative Language > Flashcards

Praxis Middle School-Language Arts-Figurative Language Flashcards

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1
Q

allegory

A

a story in which people or things or actions represent an idea or a generalization about life. Allegories usually have strong lessons or morals (Animal Farm)

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2
Q

alliteration

A

the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words such as peter piper picked a pack of pickled peppers

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3
Q

allusion

A

a reference to a familiar person, place, thing, or event. - for example, Don Juan, brave new world, Everyman, machiavellian, utopia

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4
Q

analogy

A

a comparison of objects or ideas that appear to be different but are alike in some important way

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5
Q

anapestic meter

A

meter that is composed of feet that are short-short-long or unaccented -unaccented-accented, usually used in light or whimsical poetry, such as a limerick

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6
Q

anecdote

A

a brief story that illustrates or makes a point

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7
Q

antagonist

A

a person or thing working against the hero of a literary work (the protagonist)

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8
Q

aphorism

A

a wise saying usually short and written (ex. lost time is never found again)

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9
Q

apostrophe

A

a turn from the general audience to address a specific group of persons (or a personified abstraction) who is present or absent. Ex. Hamlet turning to the audience and speaking directly to one woman about his father’s death.

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10
Q

assonance

A

a repetition of the same sound in words close to one another. (ex. white stripes)

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11
Q

blank verse

A

unrhymed verse often occurring in iambic pentameter

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12
Q

caesura

A

a break in the rhythm of a language, particularly a natural pause in a line or verse, marked in prosody by a double vertical line.

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13
Q

characterization

A

a method an author uses to let readers know more about the characters and their personal traits

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14
Q

cliche

A

an expression that has been used so often that it uses it’s expressive power (ex. dead as a doornail or I am so hungry I could eat a horse)

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15
Q

consonance

A

repetition of the final consonant sound in words containing different vowels. for example stroke of luck

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16
Q

couplet

A

a stanza made up of two rhyming lines.

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17
Q

diction

A

an author’s choice of words based on their clearness, conciseness, effectiveness, and authenticity.

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18
Q

archaic: type of diction

A

old fashioned words that are no longer used in common speech such as thee, thy, and thou

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19
Q

colloquialisms: type of diction

A

expressions that are usually accepted in informal situations or regions such as “wicked awesome”

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20
Q

dialect: type of diction

A

a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area

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21
Q

jargon: type of diction

A

specialized language used in a particular field or content area for example educational jargon includes differentiated instruction, cooperative learning, and authentic assessment

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22
Q

profanity: type of diction

A

profanity: type of diction

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23
Q

slang: type of diction

A

informational language used by a particular group of people among themselves

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24
Q

vulgarity: type of diction

A

language widely considered crude, disgusting, and oftentimes offensive

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25
Q

end rhyme

A

rhyming of ends of lines of verse

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26
Q

enjambment

A

also known as a run on line in poetry. Enjambment occurs when one line ends and continues onto the next line to complete meaning. For example in thoreau’s poem “my life has been the poem I would have writ” the first line is my life has been the poem I would have writ. The second line completes the meaning “but I could not both live and utter it”

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27
Q

existentialism

A

a philosophy that values human freedom and personal responsibility. Jean-Paul sartre is the foremost existentialist . Other famous existentialist writers include Kierkegaard(the father of existentialism), albert Camus, fredirich Nietzsche, franz kafka, and simone de beauvoir

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28
Q

flashback

A

a literary device in which the author jumps back in time in the chronology of a narrative

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29
Q

foot

A

a metrical foot is defined as one stressed syllable and a number of unstressed syllables (from zero to as many as 4) Stressed syllables are indicated by the ‘ symbol. Unstressed syllables are indicated by the (smiley face) symbol. There are four possible metrical feet

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30
Q

iambic : type of foot

A

unstressed, stressed

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31
Q

trochaic: type of foot

A

stressed, unstressed

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32
Q

anapestic

A

unstressed, unstressed, stressed

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33
Q

dactylic

A

stressed, unstressed, unstressed

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34
Q

one foot:

A

monometer

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35
Q

two feet:

A

dimeter

36
Q

three feet

A

trimeter

37
Q

four feet

A

tetrameter

38
Q

five feet

A

pentameter

39
Q

six feet

A

hexameter

40
Q

seven feet

A

Septameter

41
Q

eight feet

A

octameter

42
Q

foreshadowing

A

a literary technique in which the author gives hints or clues about what is to come at some point later in the story.

43
Q

free verse

A

verse that contains an irregular metrical pattern and line length: also known as vers libre

44
Q

genre

A

a category of literature defined by its style, form, and content

45
Q

heroic couplet

A

a pair of lines of poetic verse written in iambic pentameter

46
Q

hubris

A

the flaw that leads to the downfall of a tragic hero; this term comes from the Greek work hybris, which means excessive pride

47
Q

hyperbole

A

an exaggeration for emphasis or rhetorical effect

48
Q

imagery

A

the use of words to create pictures in the reader’s mind

49
Q

internal rhyme

A

rhyme that occurs within a line of verse

50
Q

irony

A

the use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal of expected meaning.

51
Q

dramatic irony

A

the reader sees a character’s errors, but the character does not

52
Q

verbal irony

A

the writer’s say one thing and it means another

53
Q

situation

A

the purpose of a particular action differs greatly from the result

54
Q

malapropism

A

a type of pun, or play on words, that results when two words become mixed up in the speaker’s mind. For example: don’t put the horse before the cart

55
Q

metaphor

A

a figure of speech in which a comparison is implied but not stated such as this winter is a bear

56
Q

meter

A

a rhythmical pattern in verse that is made up of stressed and unstressed syllables

57
Q

mood

A

the feeling a text evokes in the reader such as sadness, tranquility, or elation

58
Q

moral

A

a lesson a work of literature is teaching

59
Q

narration

A

the telling of a story

60
Q

onomatopoeia

A

the use of sound words to suggest meaning

61
Q

oxymoron

A

a phrase that contains of two contradictory terms like “deafening silence”

62
Q

paradox

A

a contradictory statement that makes sense for example Hegel’s paradox :man learns from history that man learns nothing from history

63
Q

personification

A

a literary device in which animals ideas and things are represented as having human traits

64
Q

point of view

A

the perspective from which a story is told

65
Q

first person point of view

A

the story is told from the point of view of one character

66
Q

third person point of view

A

the story is told by someone outside the story

67
Q

omniscient point of view

A

the narrator of the story shares the thoughts and feelings of all the characters

68
Q

limited omniscient point of view

A

the narrator of the story shares the thoughts and feelings of one of the characters

69
Q

camera view

A

the narrator records the action from his or her point of view, unaware of any other characters’ thoughts of feelings. This perspective is also known as the objective view

70
Q

refrain

A

the repetition of a line or phrase of a poem at regular intervals, particularly at the end of each stanza

71
Q

repetition

A

the multiple use of a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or rhythmic effect

72
Q

rhetoric

A

persuasive writing

73
Q

rhythm

A

the regular or random occurrence of sound in poetry

74
Q

setting

A

the time and place in which the action of a story takes place

75
Q

simile

A

a comparison of two unlike things, usually including the word like or as

76
Q

style

A

how the author uses words, phrases, and sentences to form ideas

77
Q

symbol

A

a person, place, thing, or event used to represent something else, such as the white flag that represents surrender

78
Q

tone

A

the overall feeling created by an author’s use of words

79
Q

transcendentalism

A

during the mid 19th century in new england, several writers and intellectuals worked together to write, translate works, and publish and become known as transcendentalists. Their philosophy focused on protesting the puritan ethic and materialism. The valued individualism, freedom, experimentation, and spirituality. Noted transcendentalists are ralph waldo emerson, nathaniel hawthorne, henry david thoreau, henry wadsworth longfellow, and oliver wendell holmes

80
Q

verse

A

a metric line of poetry. a verse is named based on the kind and number of feet composing it

81
Q

voice

A

distinctive features of a person’s speech and speech patterns

82
Q

rhythm

A

pattern of stresses in a line of verse. Examples.

83
Q

feet

A

individual rhythmic units: iamb (unstressed, stressed), trochee (stressed, unstressed), dactyl (stressed, unstressed, unstressed), anapest (unstressed, unstressed, stressed)

84
Q

verse

A

is built by stringing together repetitions of one of the feet (anapest, dactyl, iamb, trochee). If there is one foot it is monometer, two feet it is dimeter and so one

85
Q

iambic pentameter

A

five feet of unstressed, stressed

86
Q

pentameter

A

poetry lines with five feet

Praxis Middles School Science (8 decks)

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