Praxis II 0041 TOUGH Flashcards
Metaphor
Figure of speech containing an implied comparison in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used for one purpose is applied to another which is not literally applicable. Type of figurative language.
Reader-Response Critical Approach
Focus on reader and the reading process. Reader responds to text personally. Rejects idea of fixed meaning of the literature.
Postmodern Period
1945-…: T.S. Eliot, George Bernard Shaw, Toni Morrison
Modern Period
1914-1945: W.B. Yeats, Virginia Woolfe in England. Robert Frost, Hemingway, Gertrude Stein and Faulkner in America. Harlem Renaissance.
Confession
One character reveals thoughts and ideas. This particular character is a round character, whom the reader knows in detail.
Existentialism
Movement in literature emphasized individual existence, freedom, and choice and influenced writers in the 19th & 20th centuries. Contend that there is no objective, rational basis for moral choice.
Biographical Criticism
Uses knowledge of the author’s life experiences to gain a better understanding of the writer’s work.
Surrealism
Movement in literature of the 20th century. Includes suprise, unexpected contrasts, non sequitor. Paris in the 1920s. Authors aimed to free people from what they saw as false rationality and restrictive customs and structures. Aligned with communism and anarchism. Fitzgerald and Stein
Modernism
Movement in literature associated with 1st decades of 20th century. Describes content and form of a work or aspect alone. Features experimentation and the realization that knowledge is not absolute. Loss of tradition and dominance of technology. Einstein, Planck, and Freud.
Symbolism
Movement in Literature in the last 20 years of the 19th century. Started in France. Poetic expression of personal emotion. Used unique symbols the poet identified with.
Realism
Movement in literature in the 19th century. Is a reaction to Romanticism. Novel is the popular form of literature and embraces true-to-life approach to subject matter. Focus on every day life. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.
Romanticism
Movement in literature in 18th and 19th century. Emphasizes imagination, fancy, and freedom, emotion, wildness, beauty of natural world, the rights of the individual, nobility of common man and the pluses of pastoral life. Wordsworth, Byron, and Shelley.
Cultural Criticism
Focuses on the historical, social, and economic contexts of a work.
Feminist Criticism
Seeks to correct or to supplement what is regarded as a predominantly male-dominant critical perspective with a femal consciousness. Understanding literature from women’s point of view.
Textual Criticism
2 main processes: RECENSION-selection of only the most trustworthy evidence on which to base a text and EMENDATION-is the effort to eliminate all the erros found in even the best manuscripts
Historical Criticism
Uses history to understand a literary work more clearly. Looks at social and intellectual currents in which the author wrote.
Literary Criticism
Defines, classifies, analyzes, interprets, and evaluates works of literature.
Activating prior knowledge
Readers pay more attention when they relate. They naturally bring their prior knowledge and experience. Comprehend better when making connections between text, their lives, and larger world. as a cueing system: good readers will try to fit the reading with what they already know before, during, and after they read.
Comprehension
Skills that include the ability to identify supporting details and facts, the main idea or essential message, the author’s purpose, fact and opinion, POV, inference, the conclusion and other information.
Shared Inquiry Approach
Involves leader and a group. Participants are guided in reaching their own interpretation of the text.
Creative Comprehension
Readers respond-often emotionally-to something they are reading. The student may reply to a story by stating another way to handle the situation.
Critical Comprehension
One of the highest of levels of understanding. Requires reading and thinking beyond lines. Indicating if text is true, false, fact, opinion, propaganda, and stereotyping.
Interpretive/Inferential Comprehension
2nd level of understanding. Requires the student to read between the lines.
Literal Comprehension
Lowest level of understaniding, involves reading the lines. Being able to recall detail or paraphrase.
Figurative Language
Use of language that encourages the reader to think about the text.
The Natural Order Hypothesis
Natural Order to the way 2nd Lang. learners acquire target Lang.1. Produce single words, 2. String words together based on meaning, 3. begin to identify elements that begin and end sentences, 4. begin to identify different elements within sentences and can rearrange to produce questions.
The Monitor Hypothesis
How acquired system is affected by the learned system. (Grammar, syntax, editing, etc.)
The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
Acquired system: unconscious aspect. Concerned with communicating meaning. Learned system- Formal instruction
