Praxis, Art Flashcards
A triad on a color wheel refers to…
Any three colors equally spaced apart.
The most common triads are the primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and the secondary colors (purple, green, orange).
However, any three hues that are equidistant from each other constitute a triad.
What term refers to the use of distortion to create the illusion of an object extended into space?
Foreshortening.
Foreshortening is the representation of any object on a two-dimensional surface in such a way that the object appears to advance or recede. This is accomplished by representing the perspectival “distortion” of the form.
__________ refers to the use of unrelated images, materials, etc., to create a new image.
**The placement of two things (usually abstract concepts, though it can refer to physical objects) near each other.
Juxtaposition
What is the most reasonable action to take for an artist whose work requires the use of a specific hazardous product?
Reading the product’s label and proceeding according to the label directions.
Although it is preferable for artists of all ages to avoid toxic materials, there are times when a working artist may have to use toxic materials for a specific purpose. In such cases, the most reasonable course of action is for the artist to read all directions and cautions carefully and take the necessary precautions.
In storing printmaking supplies, it is important to store which of the following materials separately from the others?
- Acetic acid
- Rosin powder
- Nitric acid
- Solvents
Nitric acid.
Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent that can react with any of the other supplies to cause an explosion or fire.
Which of the following is most characteristic of gesture drawing?
- An outline
- Action and movement
- Gradual shading
- Carefully observed details
Action and Movement.
Gesture drawing refers to quick, expressive representation, usually of figures, which is intended to convey the essential movement of the figure. Action and movement are the essence of gesture drawing.
A hard-edge painting is most likely to be characterized by…
An even, solid paint application.
“Hard-edge” is a term used to refer to paintings such as those of
Frank Stella
and
Ellsworth Kelly
in which each area of paint is sharply defined and applied in a smooth way, without visible brush strokes or other signs of gesture.
__________ refers to the process of using thick applications of paint.
Impasto
What describes a JPEG compressed digital photograph?
The JPEG format compresses file size by selectively discarding data.
JPEG (widely known as .jpg) compression of a digital file is a process through which a file can be made smaller and, therefore, easier to store and transfer. The compression is executed by selectively removing data from the image file. JPEG compression
DOES NOT sharpen details or alter proportions.
What digital camera setting can be used to keep colors accurate under a variety of light conditions?
White balance.
Different lighting conditions- for example, daylight, incandescent light, fluorescent light- tend to push the colors in a photograph toward a particular hue, so it is important to be able to adjust the camera to keep unwanted tints out of the photo. White balance refers to the way the camera compensates for variations in light to keep color accurate/constant.
What term best describes an artwork that incorporates theatrical elements such as; body movement, audience participation, music, and projected images?
Performance art.
Performance art differs from painting, sculpture, or even some other forms of experimental media in that it emphasizes art as a participatory event that happens at a particular place and a particular time.
It is usually avant-grade or conceptual in scope.
Although not all works of performance art include every element listed here (body movement, audience participation, music, and projected images), the only kind of art that could incorporate all of them is performance art.
What term refers to pottery that has not been bisque fired?
Greenware.
Bisque firing refers to preliminary firing that is done to harden the piece prior to glazing and glaze firing.
Greenware is a term referring to any pottery that has not been bisque fired.
Which of the following tools is LEAST likely to be used in the process of creating a wood sculpture?
- A rasp
- A gouge
- A lathe
- An extruder
An extruder.
This question asks for the tool that a wood sculptor would NOT use.
Rasps, gouges, and lathes are all used in working with wood.
An extruder is used with malleable materials, such as clay.
In weaving, the vertical and horizontal threads in a loom are called the …?
warp and weft.
Weaving on a loom involves stringing a series of threads along the loom lengthwise (warp) and weaving other threads crosswise (weft), in and out of the lengthwise threads.
Fragile works of sculpture can be displayed most securely by placing the works where?
in glass paneled cases.
A glass-paneled case that allows viewers to see fragile items but not touch them is the best solution for secure display.
What term refers to Archaic Greek statues whose poses - rigidly frontal with clenched fists - recall the stance of ancient Egyptian statues?
Kouroi
“Kouroi” is the term used for Archaic Greek statues of standing male youths. Made primarily from marble, but sometimes from limestone, wood, bronze, or terracotta, these life-size Greek statues imitate Egyptian prototypes in that each is posed stiffly, facing directly forward, with clenched fists and an advancing left foot.
Define:
An arabesque
An arabesque is an intricate design of repeated lines, often in the form of plants whose leafy vines interlace.
Which of the following artists is an English landscape painter who created a poetic sense of changing atmospheric effects by using tiny applications of local color?
John Constable (#21)
Perhaps the best known English landscape painter of his era, John Constable used delicate brush strokes to convey a sense of changing weather in works such as
The Haywain. (#22)
Constable’s use of natural color, stippled with white, is one of the most innovative aspects of his paintings; it was central to his ability to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons.
The nineteenth-century photographic process used to create a daguerreotype was notable for its…?
The first commercially successful photographic process, the daguerreotype was developed in France in the early nineteenth century by
Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre. Each image was a direct positive made in the camera on a silver-plated copper plate. Since the image was made directly on the silvered surface, it was very fragile and could not be reproduced; it also required a somewhat lengthy exposure period. Despite such drawbacks, the daguerreotype quickly became a popular medium, especially for portraiture, largely because of its ability to capture crisp, accurate detail.
The Pointillist paintings of Georges Seurat are most notable for containing what?
Static figures and a sense of optical surface movement.
Georges Seurat’s
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (#23)
typifies the dominant aesthetic of his major canvases. The flat, sharply defined figures are so stiff as to appear almost timeless, while the very surface of the painting seems to shimmer because of the Pointillist technique of using thousands of precisely placed, tiny colored dots.
The contemporary artist Cindy Sherman is best known for her work in what type of media?
Photography
Cindy Sherman is best known for her series of conceptual portraits, such as
Untitled Film Stills (1977-1980),
Centerfolds/Horizontals (1981),
History Portraits (1989-1990).
(#24)
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The aesthetic philosophy that claims that the value of a work of art is determined by museums and galleries is know as…?
Institutionalism, also known as the institutional theory of art, is an aesthetic philosophy that stipulates that an object can only be considered art within the framework of the art world, defined primarily - but not exclusively - by museums and galleries. Theorists often cite the example of
Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, the urinal submitted to the Society for Independent Artists exhibit in New York City in 1917. By being placed in a gallery, the work’s meaning changed: it ceased to be a functional object and became an art object instead. Fountain is now studied as an exemplar of the readymade.
What is
Picture Plane?
The plan of a painting, drawing, or the like, that is in the extreme foreground of a picture, is coextensive with but not the same as the material surface of the work, is the point of visual contact between the viewer and the picture, and is conceived as a major structural element in the production of abstract or illusionistic forms.
What is it called when figures appear multiple times in the same composition?
Continuous narrative
Figures are shown multiple times but in different stages of a story.
What is
Iconography?
Symbolic representation, especially the conventional meanings attached to an image or images.
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When an element is irregular in a regular pattern, a deviation from the common rule, type, arrangement, or form.
This is called __________?
Anomaly
What is the most characteristic of gesture drawing?
Action and movement
A pen and ink drawing is visually the most similar to what technique?
Etching is a method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into which the design has been incised by acid. The copper plate is first coated with an acid-resistant substance, called the etching ground, through which the design is drawn with a sharp tool. The ground is usually a compound of beeswax, bitumen, and resin. The plate is then exposed to nitric acid or dutch mordant, which eats away those areas of the plate unprotected by the ground, forming a pattern of recessed lines. These lines hold the ink, and, when the plate is applied to moist paper, the design transfers to the paper, making a finished print.
What is local color?
The value of color of the surface of an object.
The natural color of a thing in ordinary daylight, uninfluenced by the proximity of other colors.
Which shows the most change in value?
Cast shadow
A cast shadow is a type of shadow that is created on a form next to a surface that is turned away from the source of light. When a form blocks the light, it causes a cast shadow to be formed. Every object that blocks light has a cast shadow associated with it.
What painting technique uses no layering in its appearance?
Alla prima (wet into wet)- a painting technique, used mostly in oil painting, in which layers of wet paint are applied to previous layers of wet paint.
Why does watercolor paper contain sizing?
To slow down the absorption of water into the paper.
What technique results in a singular print?
Monoprint
Monoprinting is a form of printmaking that has images or lines that can only be made once, unlike most printmaking, where there are multiple originals. There are many techniques of monoprinting.
What is an under glaze used for?
To change or add color to the surface color of your clay. Under glaze can also be used to change the texture of the body.
A color or design applied to pottery before it is glazed.
What removes air bubbles from clay?
Wedging and kneading
What is bas-relief?
Sculpture technique that projects from the wall.
Bas relief is a sculpture technique in which figures and/or other design elements are just barely more prominent than the background. Bas relief is created either by carving away material or adding material to the top of an otherwise smooth surface.
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