Pratique - Efficient movement analysis Flashcards
How does the Bobath concept view motor behaviors (MB)?
As :
1. “Typical motor behavior” -> MB normally available to healthy individuals
2. “Atypical motor behavior” -> not coordinated & inefficient MB affecting the more affected limb(s) & body segment after CNS lesion.
3. “compensation” -> MB using less affected side/limb/body segment to acheive a task.
What are the characteristics of a typical movement?
- Economic
- Goal Achivement
- Adapted (to environement)
- Coordinated in space & time
- Automatic, consicous
What’s the difference between movement effectiveness and efficiency?
Effectiveness refers to goal achievement, while efficiency relates to the quality of movement execution.
What is the correct order for systematic observation in movement analysis?
Bottom-up analysis (feet to head), including:
Base of support
Segment alignment
Symmetry comparison
Movement strategies
Compensatory patterns
Why is it important to standardize environmental conditions during movement analysis?
To ensure:
- Reproducible assessment conditions
- Consistent observation of movement patterns
- Valid comparison between assessments
- Control of external variables affecting movement
How do environmental changes affect movement progression/regression?
- Surface height/type alterations
- External support modifications
- Visual/auditory environment changes
-> These can make tasks easier (regression) or more challenging (progression)
What should be documented when assessing postural alignment?
- Base of support width and quality
- Segment alignment on each side
- Symmetry between sides
- Joint positions (ankle, knee, hip, trunk, head)
- Weight distribution
- Compensatory patterns
What are the stages of movement continuum ?
- Initial conditions
- Preparation
- Initiation
- Execution
- Termination
=> Is the expected outcome achieved?
What are the three main categories of initial conditions that must be considered before movement?
- Environmental setup (surface, support, lighting)
- Patient positioning (posture, alignment, stability)
- Task parameters (instructions, goals, constraints)
What are anticipatory postural adjustments and why are they important?
Anticipatory postural adjustments are preparatory changes in posture that:
- Occur before voluntary movement
- Maintain balance during upcoming movement
- Include weight shifting and muscle activation
- Prepare the body for task execution
Which system is involved in the initation phase of the movement continuum and how?
CRSP (= Cortico-reticulo-spinal-pontine system) for the APAs.
This system not only coordinates the timing and amplitude of postural adjustments but also ensures they occur before the primary movement, allowing for stable and efficient motion.
Which system is involved in the Execution phase of the movement continuum?
The CS sytem = corticospinal system
Which system is involved in the Termination phase of the movement continuum?
The vestibulospinal system (VS system)
At the end of the movement continuum stages, what happen is the expected outcome is achieved or no?
- achieved : -> Repeat task at least once with progression as need
- Not achieved : Repeat task with regression
What parameter can you modify in the task to induce a regression or progression?
- BOS
- Speed
- Perturbation
- Cognitive demand
- Surface tyope or height
- Cueing
- Physical assistance
- External support
- Environmental inpouts
What is the Center of Mass (COM) and how is it determined?
The COM is a point at the center of total body mass. It is determined by finding the weighted average of the COM of each body segment. Its vertical projection is defined as the Center of Gravity (COG).
Explain the relationship between Center of Pressure (COP) and Center of Mass (COM).
The COP moves continuously around the COM to keep the COM within the base of support (BOS). This is a dynamic relationship essential for maintaining balance.
What is the centre of pressure (COP)?
The center of pressure (COP) is
the center of the distribution of the total force applied to the
supporting surface.
Define Base of Support (BOS) and explain its importance in movement analysis.
BOS is the area of body in contact with the support surface. It’s fundamental for stability assessment, where a larger BOS generally increases stability. It’s the first element to observe in postural analysis and is critical for balance control.
What are stability limits and why are they not fixed?
Stability limits are boundaries within which the body maintains stability without changing BOS. They’re not fixed because they change based on:
- Task requirements
- Individual characteristics (strength, ROM)
- Environmental factors
- COM characteristics
What are the strategies to avoid to fall when we go above the stability limits?
- Ankle strategy
- Hip strategy
- Reacting step strategy
Describe the ankle strategy
The ankle strategy restores the COM to a position of stability through body movement centered primarily about the ankle joints.
Describe the hip strategy
The hip strategy controls motion of the COM by producing large and rapid motion at the hip joints with antiphase rotations of the ankles
Describe the reactive step strategy
When in-place strategies such as
the ankle and hip strategy are insufficient to recover balance, a reach or a step is used to realign
the base of support under the COM.
What is the ground reaction forces?
Counter force that you apply when in contact of the surface and goes against the gravit.
-> It’s an ascending process
Why is the midline important?
It’s a descending process. The midline move from one side to the other to create the stance phase (on one foot)
Is it the muscular tone or the postural tone that is the most affected in neurogical patient and why?
-> Postural tone because patient is weak & hypotonic in the antigravity postural muscles.
List the six essential assessment tasks in movement analysis.
- Sitting
- Sit to Stand
- Standing
- Walking
- Step up/down
- Reach/Grasp/Manipulate
