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pratical Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

histology

A

study of microscopic anatomy of tissues

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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protect underlying tissues from dehydration and mechanical damage, provide a selectively permeable barrier, provide sensory surfaces, and secrete fluids.

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the upper surface (back)

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4
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the lower surface (belly)

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the head

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6
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the tail

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7
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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9
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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10
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the end of the appendage nearest the body

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body ; toward the side

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12
Q

Distal

A

Toward the end of an appendage farthest away from the body

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13
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves; two-dimensional plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and perpendicular to the dorsal-ventral axis

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14
Q

Transverse Plane

A

A cross section; two dimensional plane perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the body

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15
Q

Sagittarius plane

A

Divided the body into the left and right halves; two dimensional plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and parallels to the dorsal-ventral axis

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16
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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17
Q

Pectoral

A

Where forelegs meet

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18
Q

Thorax

A

Chest region

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19
Q

Pelage

A

The rats coat

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20
Q

Vibrissae

A

Whiskers on the face

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21
Q

Nares

A

Nostrils

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22
Q

Incisors

A

Large front teeth

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23
Q

Nictitating membrane

A

Corner of the eye, for protection

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24
Q

Ears

A

Composed of pin a and auditory meatus

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25
Q

Prepuce

A

Bulge of skin surrounding the penis

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26
Q

Quadruped

A

Four legs

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27
Q

Plantigrade

A

Walking with heels and foot

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28
Q

Urogenital office

A

Where both urine and sperm

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29
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull and vertebral column

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30
Q

simple squamous epithelial

A

alveoli of lungs, a minimul barrier for diffusion

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31
Q

simple cuboidal epithelial

A

line the respitory and instine tracts and ducts, covers and protects underlying tissues.

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32
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

instine, protects underlying tissues

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33
Q

stratified squamos epithelium

A

skin, covers and protects underlying tissues

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34
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelial

A

trachea, covers and protects underlying tissues

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35
Q

grandular epithelium

A

some glands on the body, secretes fluids.

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36
Q

subcutaneuos tissue

A

under the skin, produce collagen and elastic fibers

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37
Q

reticulin fibers

A

spleen and ly,ph nodes, supports glands

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38
Q

macrophages

A

use or defense- immune system

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39
Q

adipose tissue

A

store food

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40
Q

dense connective tissue

A

between muscle and bone, suport, connect muscle to bone

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41
Q

blood

A

in vessels throughout body, maintaining and transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

42
Q

hyaline cartilidge

A

cushions surfaces between joints

43
Q

elastic cartilidge

A

external ear/larynx, flexible support

44
Q

bone

A

support and structure

45
Q

skeletal muscle

A

contract voluntarily

46
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart, contract involuntarily

47
Q

smooth muscle

A

walls of the gut, blood vessels, contract voluntarily

48
Q

neurons

A

send and recieve nerve impulses

49
Q

pelage

A

hairy coat

50
Q

auditory meatus

A

ear canal

51
Q

axial skeleton

A

skill and veterbral

52
Q

what are the vertebral column

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar,sacral, cuadal vertebrae

53
Q

antagonist

A

oppisite pairs

54
Q

extensors

A

increase the angle of the joint

55
Q
A

mammal tendon

56
Q
A

Hyaline cartilidge

57
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

58
Q
A

Skeletal muscle

59
Q
A

Cardiac Muscle

60
Q
A

Adipose

61
Q
A

Blood smear

62
Q
A

reticular fibers

63
Q
A

Glandular Epithelial

64
Q
A

Reticular fibers

65
Q
A

stratified squamos epithelium

66
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

67
Q
A

Subcutaneous

68
Q
A

Simple columnar epithelial

69
Q
A

simple squamous

70
Q
A

smooth muscle

71
Q
A

neurons

72
Q
A

elastic cartilage

73
Q
A

Striated muscle

74
Q
A

Bone

75
Q

flexors

A

decrease the angle of the joint

76
Q

abductors

A

move an appendage away from the midline of the body

77
Q

adductors

A

move an appendage toward the midline of the body

78
Q

retractors

A

move an appendage backwards

79
Q

protractors

A

move an appendage forward

80
Q

supinators

A

rotate the palm ot bottom of the foot up ward

81
Q

pronators

A

rotate the palm or bottom of the foot downward

82
Q

origin

A

the end attached to the bone that does not move during contraction

83
Q

insertion

A

the end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves during contraction.

84
Q

Action

A

movement caused by the contraction of a muscle

85
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: radius

Action: flexes the lower arm

86
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin: humerus and scapula

Insertion: elbow

Action: extends the lower arm

87
Q

Spinotrapezius

A

Origin: Thoracic vertebrae

insetion: spine of a scapula

Action: moes the scapula upward and backward

88
Q

Acromiotrapezius

A

Origin: cervical vertebrae

Insertion: scapula

Action: moves the scapula dorsally

89
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: medial side of the humerus

Action: moves the humerus dorsocuadad

90
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin: mubodorsal fascia and posterior ribs

Insertion: linea alba and pelvis

Action: compresses and retains the viscera and acts with the rectus abdminis to form a flexible ventral and lateral body wall

91
Q

Cutaneous trunci

A

Origin: under the upper front leg

Insertion: Skin

Action: moves the skin

92
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin: ischium

Insertion: distal portion of femur and proximal portion of tibia

Action: abducts the thigh and flexes the shank

93
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: distal end of femur

Insertion: heel

Action: extends the foot

94
Q

thymus gland

A

developes the immune system

95
Q

spleen

A

storage, formation, and destruction of red blood cells

96
Q

pancreas

A

excretes insulin, produces digestive enzymes,

97
Q

small intisine

A

doudenum, jejunum, ileum

98
Q

excretory system

A

kidney>renal vein> ureter> urinary bladder> urethral orffice

99
Q

Circulatory system

A

pulmonary circulation > systemic circulation

100
Q

Circulartory system Specifics

A

right superior vena cavae> left> triscupid vale> right ventricle> similunar valve> pulmonary trunk> pulmonary arties. Returns lungs>left atrium> 4 pulmonary veins>bicuspid valve> left venticle>left arium

101
Q

circulation through heart and arteries

A

left venticle> aortic semilunar valve> aorta> ascending aorta> aortic arch>descending aorta> abdominal aorta

102
Q
A

biology lab (3 decks)

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